0509考研英语一真题Word文件下载.docx
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veevermet.
Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould___13___onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,___14___,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.Webelievethat___15___animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto___16___thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally___17___,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.___18___,theywouldhopetostudya___19___question:
Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?
___20___theresultsareinconclusive.
1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine
2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened
3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer
4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority
5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward
6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along
7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual
8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward
11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across
13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply
14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance
15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest
16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach
17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with
18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise
19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile
20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill
SectionIIReadingcomprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."
Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"
WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"
habit"
carriesanegativeconnotation.
Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.
Butdon'
tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;
oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they'
retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.
"
Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"
saysDawnaMarkova,authorof"
TheOpenMind"
andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners."
Butwearetaughtinsteadto'
decide,'
justasourpresidentcallshimself'
theDecider.'
?
Sheadds,however,that"
todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities."
Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'
reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:
analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.
Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought."
ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,"
explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book"
ThisYearIWill..."
andMs.Markova'
sbusinesspartner."
That'
saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'
regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence."
Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.
21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing________________________.
A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable
22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe________________________
A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided
23."
ruts"
(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningto________________________
A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections
24.Ms.Markova'
scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting________________________?
A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed
B,nolongeremphasizescommonness
C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel
D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem
25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat
A.ideasarebornofarelaxingmind
B.innovativenesscouldbetaught
C.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas
D.curiosityactivatescreativeminds
Text2
Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe'
sthekid'
sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.
Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.
Amongthemostpopular:
paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'
sgeographicroots.
Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.
Butsomeobserversareskeptical,"
Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"
saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'
slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.
Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'
trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.
26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK'
s_________________________________.
[A]easyavailability
[B]flexibilityinpricing
[C]successfulpromotion
[D]popularitywithhouseholds
27.PTKisusedto______________________________.
[A]locateone'
sbirthplace
[B]promotegeneticresearch
[C]identifyparent-childkinship
[D]choosechildrenforadoption
28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto______________________________.
[A]tracedistantancestors
[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines
[C]fullyusegeneticinformation
[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy
29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis______________________________.
[A]disorganizeddatacollection
[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding
[C]excessivesamplecomparison
[D]lackofpatentevaluation
30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe______________________________.
[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting
[B]DNAtestingandIt'
sproblems
[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab
[D]liesbehindDNAtesting
Text3
Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandall