0509考研英语一真题Word文件下载.docx

0509考研英语一真题Word文件下载.docx

《0509考研英语一真题Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《0509考研英语一真题Word文件下载.docx（59页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

veevermet.

Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould___13___onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,___14___,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.Webelievethat___15___animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto___16___thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally___17___,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.___18___,theywouldhopetostudya___19___question:

Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

___20___theresultsareinconclusive.

1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine

2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened

3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer

4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority

5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward

6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along

7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual

8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think

9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different

10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward

11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs

12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across

13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply

14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance

15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest

16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach

17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with

18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise

19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile

20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill

SectionIIReadingcomprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."

Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"

WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"

habit"

carriesanegativeconnotation.

Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

Butdon'

tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;

oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they'

retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

"

Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"

saysDawnaMarkova,authorof"

TheOpenMind"

andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners."

Butwearetaughtinsteadto'

decide,'

justasourpresidentcallshimself'

theDecider.'

?

Sheadds,however,that"

todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities."

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'

reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:

analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought."

ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,"

explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book"

ThisYearIWill..."

andMs.Markova'

sbusinesspartner."

That'

saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'

regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence."

Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.

21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing________________________.

A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable

22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe________________________

A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided

23."

ruts"

（inlineone,paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningto________________________

A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections

24.Ms.Markova'

scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting________________________?

A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

B,nolongeremphasizescommonness

C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat

A.ideasarebornofarelaxingmind

B.innovativenesscouldbetaught

C.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas

D.curiosityactivatescreativeminds

Text2

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal（fatherly）wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe'

sthekid'

sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit（PTK）athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.

Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.

Amongthemostpopular:

paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'

sgeographicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.

Butsomeobserversareskeptical,"

Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"

saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'

slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.

Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'

trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.

26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK'

s_________________________________.

[A]easyavailability

[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]successfulpromotion

[D]popularitywithhouseholds

27.PTKisusedto______________________________.

[A]locateone'

sbirthplace

[B]promotegeneticresearch

[C]identifyparent-childkinship

[D]choosechildrenforadoption

28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto______________________________.

[A]tracedistantancestors

[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines

[C]fullyusegeneticinformation

[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy

29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis______________________________.

[A]disorganizeddatacollection

[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding

[C]excessivesamplecomparison

[D]lackofpatentevaluation

30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe______________________________.

[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting

[B]DNAtestingandIt'

sproblems

[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab

[D]liesbehindDNAtesting

Text3

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandall