MINDFREE 语法总结文档格式.docx
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动名词,分词和不定式(动名词表示结果和正在发生的动作等,如果描述过去的动作,用动名词错;
不定式一般表目的,偶尔才表结果);
suchas和like;
unlike,incontraryto,despite,although;
逗号;
4.状语所在的位置和被修饰动词的关系;
修饰词与被修饰词的位置和关系P120-24P121-27,
5.代词的对应关系;
it,this,that,these,those等必须有相对应的名词P1117-8,如果划线部分有代词,一定要找到所指代的名词,如没有或不对应,必错;
it同which不能表示前面的整句;
this不做指代P121-27
6.OG-43;
OG50;
OG-55(within;
AinsteadofB前后也要一致);
OG-59;
OG-60;
OG-70;
OG-74;
OG-80(those做代词前面应有复数名词相对应);
OG-83(it的用法);
OG-84;
OG-91;
OG-100;
OG-105;
OG-109(requireof…that(notto);
of的用法jobsofskill);
OG-111(givecredittosb.fordoingsth);
OG-124;
OG126!
OG-132(equalandequivalent的用法);
OG-133(平行结构isdone和do不平行);
OG-134(shouldandwill);
OG-135(useofcomma—平行的有独自主谓结构的句子之间必须有逗号!
);
OG-137(ofandfor);
OG-146(if从句中不用will将来时);
OG-155;
OG-158(asisnotidiomatic);
OG-161(would和will);
OG-171;
OG-176;
OG-183(代词的重要性);
OG-188(that和who的比较);
OG-190(并列项的逻辑关系);
OG-195(多对一的逻辑关系错);
OG-197(and和aswellas的区别);
OG-198(过去某时前发生的动作必须用过去完成时);
OG-205(although);
OG-214(it);
OG-216(andalso=notonly…butalso);
OG-229(fortheprocesscanmean…);
OG-230(inreferencetoandreferringto);
OG-237(interactionof);
OG-255(passivetense;
they;
it);
7.句子结构简洁:
分词结构优先于从句;
being一般省略;
但比较时than后的主谓要全:
避免歧义
8.分词结构做状语等句子成分时,其逻辑主语一定要和主句主语一致P120-25
9.主动优先于被动
10.suchas代替like;
ratherthan代替insteadof;
increased优先于increasing;
两者之间的比较用comparewith而不用compareto;
用whether不if引导从句;
11.Inthat不出现在句首
12.admittosomething,e.g.Headmitstohislackincomputerskills.
13.seemtobe为正确结构.不用seem+adjectiveornoun
14.介宾短语(如onthebasisof)在句首不要求逻辑主语
15.现在分词表示主动,伴随,结果,和正在进行的动作,过去分词表示被动和完成的动作,不定式表示将来发生或目的,不定式做修饰成分与主语不分开P
16.常用词:
attemptto;
both…and;
notonly…butalso;
suggestAasB;
define…as;
use…as;
considersth.sth.(而不是considersth.assth.);
regardas;
legendhasitthat;
choosefrom,contributeto;
accordingto;
concludethat;
notsomuchas;
neithernor;
modeledafter;
aresultof;
toresultin;
adebateover;
aresponsibilityto,responsiblefor;
differentfrom;
aconsequenceof;
so…astobe;
so…that;
depictedas;
asgreatas;
asgoodas;
betterthan;
attributeto;
creditedwith;
agreewith;
appearto;
becauseof;
dependon;
dueto;
inorderto;
subjectto;
insofaras(在…范围内,相当于asfaras);
altersth.todosth.;
moldsth.todosth.;
17.unlike,oppositeto和incontrastto在句首时,其逻辑主语应与主句主语一致;
contraryto无须如此P119-22
18.不能改变句意和正确结构,主从关系不能改变!
P120-25
19.only的位置要与句意相符armedonlywithamap不能用onlyarmedwithamap
20.注意并列结构如:
that…andthat…
21.同位语从句只能用that引导(that无实际意义,e.g.Thenewsthatheisgayproves…)
22.在GMAT中,复数名词可以拥有单数事物,e.g.Threeoutoffourownabicycle.Somehaveapreferredstatusoverothers.
23.richandpoor等同于therichandthepoor
24.type和kind不能等同于事物,要加ofP1358-11
25.While(whereas)一般不引导时间状语从句,而是表示前后的强烈对比,并且要注意前后的搭配(一致),包括单复数和时态.P1368-12P144-22;
while+动词现在分词,与主句动作做强烈对比
26.Despite后不跟动名词短语,只跟简单名词
27.that和whom所引导的成分为宾语时可省略,e.g.theguyhetalkedto,thepainitcauses,etc.
28.that在其它情况下不能省略!
Thedoctorsuggeststhat…
29.WHAT的用法:
A1istoB1whatA2istoB2;
WHAT的另一种用法whatisnowP1388-15
30.当引导从句时,介词+which优于where,因为前者更明确
31.理解句意,注意歧义!
P140-2avoidduplicationoffacilities而不是avoidduplicatedfacilities避免建设中的重复而不是避免建设;
注意动词和受动词的关系,注意比较事物之间的关系(什么与什么的比较);
P142-13asizeablewolfpopulation有歧义,可能是大型的狼,也可能是大群的狼!
32.当短语或从句中的主语被省略时,一定要看是否和主句的主语相符,录e.g.Whensleeping,thehormoneissecreted.WRONG!
33.Whereonce=becauseP141-5
34.therebeing错P141-7
35.afterwhen错P141-7
36.onconditionthat后用虚拟语气P142-12
37.whether引导的宾语从句带有否定或是不确定的意思,所以从句中可加ornot.如果主句是肯定则不能用whether引导宾语从句
38.P146-27C选项中没有歧义,可以接受;
P144-19B选项中也不存在歧义,因为whose不可能修饰bloodpressure.
39.Therebe只能表示在某处存在某事物.
40.在比较中要注意被比较的事物,e.g.P1569-6中,被比较的是回收纸的数量而不是纸本身,morepaper的用法不如theamountopaper准确
41.themore…themore可以省略系动词,但前后要一致:
Thegreatthenationwealth,thegreatertheamountofmeatconsumed.
42.(至少)等于,或大于的表示:
atleastas…as;
as…as,ifnotmoreso;
as…asor比较级than
43.Goods是复数形式,e.g.Halfofhisgoodswerelostinthestorm
44.情态动词作用特殊,一般不用其它结构或动词(如be动词)代替.
45.Notany不如直接用no
46.结构上的对称在GMAT中很重要,尤其在比较中:
as…as,more…than
47.Worthprep.价值abookworth$20;
Heisworth$1million
48.NolessanauthoritythanMr.XXX象Mr.XXX这样权威的人
49.noun+of+lessthan是固定用法:
investmentoflessthan$1million;
vehiclesoflessthan8000pounds;
populationoflessthan100people
50.比较中如果前后的主语相同,后面的主语可省略.P168-13
51.P170-28NolessremarkablethanthedevelopmentofCDhasbeentheuse…习惯用法
52.So修饰形容词,such修饰名词,e.g.suchanextraordinaryfee或feearesoextraordinarythat…soextraordinaryfees错!
53.Asmuchas表肯定,somuchas用于否定;
somuchthat或asmuchthat错!
54.More(less)of+noun(可数或不可数)更大(更少)程度上的P-172-35,less/more为名词
55.Compareto指比喻,比作,e.g.Lifeisoftencomparedtoavoyage;
比较同类事物时用comparewith,e.g.comparethebrainofhumanwiththatofelephant
56.During一般不与将来时段连用,duringthenext50years少用,多用其它词如over(overthenext50year),within(withintheforeseeablefuture)等替换E5-56,E9-55
57.再次强调,看到代词一定要看是否指代为唯一,是否会产生歧义!
P177-57
58.比较要看事物的可比性,结构的对称,
59.表示原因一般用because,较少用dueto或since
60.Ado(does)sth.,justasBdo(does)sth.;
JustasAdo(does)sth.,soBdo(does)sth.;
AsAdo(does)sth.,sotoodo(does)A(orsotooAdo(does)正如…也AsTomis…sotooarewe…
61.Thenation'
sthreemilitaryacademicshaveseenadramaticriseinapplications,onefueledbyaresurgenceofpatriotism,increasingtuitioncostsatprivatecollege,andimprovedrecruitingbytheacademics.
62.一定要注意主语和谓语的搭配,e.g.OutofAmerica'
sfascinationwithallthingsantiquehavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingbackthechaiselounge,theoverstuffedsofa,andtheclaw-footedbathtub.
B.thingsantiquehasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatisbringing
E.antiquethingshasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatbring
63.修饰thing一类的词时,形容词放在后面.Thingsinteresting,thingsantique,见上例.
64.12.AffordingstrategicproximitytotheStraitofGibraltar,MoroccowasalsoofinteresttotheFrenchthroughoutthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturybecausetheyassumedthatiftheydidnotholdit,theirgriponAlgeriawasalwaysinsecure.
(A)iftheydidnotholdit,theirgripinAlgeriawasalwaysinsecure
(B)withoutittheirgriponAlgeriawouldneverbesecure
(C)theirgriponAlgeriawasnoteversecureiftheydidnotholdit
(D)withoutthat,theycouldneverbesecureabouttheirgriponAlgeria
(E)neverwouldtheirgriponAlgeriabesecureiftheydidnotholdit
这里的角度是French在firsthalfofthecentury.在那时Frenchdidholdit!
虽然与现在的事实相反,如果你改成过去完成时,就改变了原句意思,变成了在firsthalfofthecenturyFrench没有holdMorocco.理解一下.
65.4.AnalystsblamedMay'
ssluggishretailsalesonunexcitingmerchandiseaswellastheweather,colderandwetterthanwasusualinsomeregions,whichslowedsalesofbarbequegrillsandlawnfurniture.
(A)colderandwetterthanwasusualinsomeregions,whichslowed
(B)whichwascolderandwetterthanusualinsomeregions,slowing
(C)sinceitwascolderandwetterthanusuallyinsomeregions,whichslowed
(D)beingcolderandwetterthanwasusuallyinsomeregions,slowing
(E)havingbeencolderandwetterthanwasusualinsomeregionsandslowed
66.Developingnationsinvariouspartsoftheworldhaveamassed$700billionindebts;
atstake,shouldasignificantnumberofthesedebtsberepudiated,isthesolvencyofsomeoftheworld’slargestmultinationalbanks.
(A)shouldasignificantnumberofthesedebtsberepudiated,is
(B)shouldasignificantnumberofthesedebtsberepudiated,are
(C)shouldtheyrepudiateasignificantnumberofthesedebts,are
(D)ifthereisarepudiationofasignificantnumberofthesedebts,wouldbe
(E)ifasignificantnumberofthesedebtswillberepudiated,is
67.Asif在GMAT中多为错.
68.So…that…中的倒装结构
1.SopoorlydesignedandbuiltaremanyofitsnewcarsthattheZenithCarCompanyhasdecidedtooverhaulitsentireproductionprocess.
A
Sopoorlydesignedandbuiltaremanyofitsnewcarsthat
B
Manyofitsnewcarswhicharesopoorlydesignedandbuiltdemonstrateswhy
C
Becauseofmanynewcarsthatarepoorlydesignedandbuiltthat
D
Aspoorlydesignedandbuiltasmanyofitsnewcarsare,
E
Thatmanyofitsnewcarsarepoorlydesignedandbuiltiswhy
69.GMAT考试语法改错题方法小结
转自:
作者:
新东方
CORRECTIVENESS
I.LogicalFallacies(logicalperfectionissuperiortogrammatical
imperfection,thefirstandforemostissueofGMATgrammarislogic)
(i)"
ShanghaiisbiggerthananycitiesinChina."
ismistakenbecause
Shanghaicannotbelargerthananycitiesthatinclusiveofitself.Soit
shouldbe"
ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina."
(ii)Blindeyesight;
visiblewavelengtharelogicallyflawed
arrangement;
itshouldbe"
blindpeople"
"
visibleradiation"
instead.
(iii)PricecannotcauseinflationbutPriceIncreasecan.
(iv)前后转折关系(bytransitionalwordsas‘but'
etc.)是否成立要看前后的分类
标
(v)准是否统一:
bigmeasurement→smallmeasurement
III.主谓搭配和代词指代(七大类型)