阳极氧化中英对照Word文档格式.docx
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Al、Al—Mg、Al—MnAlloye、Grey
filmismoreloosen
H3PO4
CrO3
NaF
H3BO3
55
15
3
Roomtemperature
10-15
EveryAlumiumAlloye、lightgreen
filmisbetterthan1
Na2Cr207·
2H2O
3.5-4
3-3.5
0.8
2-3
EveryAlumiumAlloye、deepyelloworbrown
pH=1.5
filmisbetter
4
32
90-100
3-5
Al、Al—Mg、Al—Mn、Al—Si、Al—Cu、grey
canbethesubstrateofpaint
5
Na2CrO4
Na2SiO3·
9H2O
47
0.06-1
Al、Al—Mn、Al—Mg—SiHarder、HarderAl—SiorAl—Mgalloye，lightmetalliccolors
littleholes,can’tbecoloredwell,unsuitableasthesubstrateofpaint
6
NH4OH
0.1
29.6
70-80
20-50
Everyaluminumalloye、greyhavespot
filmlikesporcelainenamel
7
K2Cr2O7
20.4
10-18
Everyaluminumalloye、grey
whiteinacidliquor
2.1Generalideaofanodicoxidation
2.1.1、Theprincipleofanodicoxidationfilm
Puttheproductthattakesaluminumoraluminumalloyforanodeintoelectrolyte.Afterelectrolysis,oxidationaluminumwillbeformedonthesurface.Thiskindofprocessiscallanodicoxidationofaluminumandaluminumalloy.Inthewholeprocess,thecathodeshouldbethematerialwhichhasgoodstabilityinelectrolyteliquor,suchasplumbum,stainlesssteelandaluminumetc..Theprincipleofanodicoxidationofaluminumisthesameaswaterelectrolytewhenthecurrentthroughout,thehydrogenwillbereleasedonthecathodewhiletheoxygenwillbereleasedontheanodic.Butthereleasedoxygenisnotonlymoleculeoxygen,butalsoatomoxygen（O）andionoxygen.Wealwaysusemoleculeoxygentoexpress.Tooxidatetheanodicaluminumbytheoxygenitrelease,andthenformanhydrousoxidationaluminumfilm.Notallthereleasedoxygenarereactedwithaluminum,apartofitwillbeseparatedoutasgaseity.
2.1.2、Thechoiceofanodicoxidationelectrolyzingsolution
Thepreconditionfortheformationofanodicoxidationfilmisthatelectrolytecandissolvetheoxidationfilm,butnotallthiskindofelectrolytecangetoxidationfilmorsimilarfilm.Form-4listsacidicelectrolyteofwhichappliestoanodicoxidation.
Form-4acidicelectrolyteusedinoxidation
acid
dissociationconstant
formedvoltage
colorofbasicfilm
H2SO4
2×
10-2（H+）
12-20
lucency&
achromaticity
30-40
opacity&
white
C7H6O6S·
40-70
lucencywithgray
H2NSO2OH
gray
1.1×
10-2（No1）
7.5×
10-8（No2）
4.8×
10-13（No3）
lucencywithwhite
H4P2O7
1.4×
10-1（No1）
10-2（No2）
2.9×
10-7（No3）
3.6×
10-4（No4）
70-100
withwhite
24Moo3·
P2O5·
XH2O
>
100
barrierlayer
6.4×
10-10
0-600
C2H2O4·
6.5×
6.1×
10-5（No2）
40-60
withyellow
C3H6N2O2
1.61×
10-3（No1）
2.1×
10-6（No2）
80-110
withbrown
HOOCCH2COOH
6.6×
10-5（No1）
2.8×
120
changefromwhitetoyellow
Cis-2-Butenoicacid
1.5×
2.6×
10-7（No2）
150-225
lark
Citricacid
8.4×
1.8×
4.0×
10-6（No3）
120
filemot
Tartaricacid
6.9×
Benzenebicarbxylicacid
1.26×
3.1×
Itaconicacid
Pottedcorrosion，40
interferometercoating
Hydroxyaceticacid
1.54×
10-4
Pottedcorrosion
Malicacid
4×
10-4（No1）
9×
Pottedcossosion，40
2.1.3、Kindsofanodicoxidation
Dividedbycurrent:
DCanodicoxidation,alternatingcurrentanodicoxidation,impulsecurrentoxidation.Dividedbyelectrolyte:
vitriol,oxalicacid,chromate,mix-acidandthenaturalcoloranodictakeforthesulfonicorganicacidasmainliquoroxidation.Dividedbyfilmmolecule:
commonfilm,filmbuild,porcelainfilm,lucencyfilmandpreventfilmusedsemiconductor.Form-5introducesthecommonwaysandcraftsofanodicoxidationofaluminumandaluminumalloy.AndthemostpopularoneisDCsulphuricacidanodicoxidation.
Form-5commonwaysofanodicoxidationofaluminumandaluminumalloy
series
name
composingofelectrolyte
densityofcurrent
A/dm2
voltage
V
color
thickness
offilm
μm
Alumilite（USA）
H2SO4，10%-20%
DC1-2
20-30
10-30
lucency
5-30
easytocolor,
corrosionresistant
H2SO4ACmethod
H2SO4，12%-15%
AC3-4.5
17-28
13-25
20-40
10-25
H2SO4Hardanodizefime
DC2-4.5
23-10
0±
60
34-150
worn&
heatinsulation
Oxalicacid
Britain-USAmethod
Oxalicacid，5%-10%
DC1-1.5
50-65
30
translucency
Oxidizealuminumfime（jp）
AC1-2
80-120
20-29
20-60
6-18
dailyuseddecorate,worn
andcorrosionresistant
DC0.5-1
25-30
EloxalGxh（germang）
Oxalicacid，3%-5%
18-20
yellow
usedinpurealuminum
30-45
35
almost
achromaticity
6-10
thin,softfilm,easytocolor
EloxalWx（germang）
AC2-3
25-35
primroseyellow
suitableforaluminiumwire
EloxalWGx（germang）
30-60
15-30
6-20
Al—Mnalloy
Hardfime
AC1-20
80-200
20
about600μmandthickerthanvitriolfilm.worn
DC1-20
2.1.4、Strcutureandqualityofanodicoxidationfilm
Anodicoxidationfilmiscomposedbytwostories.Theholeyandthickoutfilmformedupontheinsidefilmwhichisthickanddielectricproperties.Theinsidefilmiscalledpreventfilm（alsocalledactivefilm）.Studybyelectronmicroscope,thefilmhasmanytubeholesinlengthandbreadth.Theythroughoutthewholeoxidationfilm.Theprincipalaxisaroundbyholesisasix-edgebeehivemadebythickoxidationaluminum,anditisalsocalledcrystalloidcell.Thewholefilmisformedbyinnumerablesuchcrystalloidcells.Barisformedbyaluminumwithoutwater,thinanddense,anditalsohashighrigidityandcanpreventthecurrentthrough.Itsthicknessisabout0.03-0.05μm,take0.5%-2.0%ofthewholefilm.Holeyoutfilmoftheoxidationfilmisformedbynon-crystalloidoxidationaluminumandlittlehydrationoxidationaluminum,alsosomecationofelectrolyte.Whenweusevitriolaselectrolyte,thecontentofsulphateis13%-17%onusual.Mostoftheexcellentcharacterofoxidationfilmdependsonthethicknessofoutfilmandholeyratethathasintimaterelationshipwithconditionsofanodicoxidation.
2.2DCvitriolanodicoxidation
2.2.1、Mechanismofoxidationfilmshaped
Thesurfaceofanodicaluminumproductsuniformityoxidatesinshorttime,invitriolliquor.Andbecauseofvitriolliquor,partsoftheweakpointoffilm（suchasgrainboundary,densedpointofimpurity,defectofcystallatticeanddeformedofstructure）dissolvecanmakeself-metaltouchwithelectrolyteandthecurrentalsocantransmiton.Newlyformedoxygenionisusedtooxidatenewmetalandspreadtheholebottomasacenter.Afterassembly,therewillbeanewfilmformedbetweentheoldfilmandmetal.Itseemslikethatpartsofolddissolvedfilmispiecedupagain.Withtheoxidation’stimegoingon,thefilmdissolveandpiecedupagainandagain,theoxidationdevelopedindepth,thusoxidationfilmformedbythinanddensedinsidefilm,thickandholeyoutfilmwillgrowcontinuallyonthesurface.Itisuntiltheendofoxidationthethicknessofinsidefilm（preventfilm,dielectric,activefilm）willnotbechanged,butthepositionwillbemovedindeepwhiletheoutsidefilmgetmoreandmorethick.
2.2.2、Calculationforthethicknessofoxidationfilm
WecancalculatethethicknessofoxidationfilmbasedontheformulaofFaradayNo.2law.
σ=Kit
σpresentsthethicknessofoxidationfilm（μm）.ipresentsthedensityofcurrent（A/dm2）.tpresentsthetimeofoxidation（min）.kisacoefficient（whenthedensityofaluminaγ=kg/m3,k=0.309）.Whenweusetheformulatocalculate,thepreconditionisallthecurrentthroughisusedtoseparatealuminaout,andthedensityshouldbethoughtofpurifyofaluminaandfilm.Butitisdifferentwiththefact.Inordertomakekmorefitforactuality,weshouldalsothinkoftheefficiencyofcurrentanddensityoffilmandholeyrate,thatis:
K=1.57η/γ
Ηpresentscurrentefficiency（therateofquantityseparatedoutactuallyinelectrodeandseparatingquantityconvertedwiththewholecurrent）.kisdifferentindifferentcountries.IntheUSA,kis0.328,0.285-0.355,inJapanese,kis0.352,0.364,0.25,inChinaandRussia,kis0.25.
2.2.3、Element
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