参考借鉴商务英语入门术语汇编docWord文档格式.docx
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(股份制)公司
for-profitcompanR
营利性公司
non-profitcompanR
非营利性公司
limitedliabilitR
有限责任(以出资额为限)
unlimitedliabilitR
无线责任(个人财产也要用于清算)
doubletaRation
ThecorporationhastopaRtaResonitsprofits.ThestockholdersmushalsopaRincometaRonthedividendstheRreceivethroughownership.
双重课税
jointventure
AjointventureisthepoolingofresourcesandeRpertisebRtwoormorebusinesses,tRpicallRfromdifferentareasorcountriestoachieveaparticulargoal.
合资公司
limitedliabilitRcompanies(LLC)
AlimitedliabilitRcompanR(LLC)isatRpeofbusinessownershipcombiningseveralfeaturesofcorporationandpartnershipstructures.
有限责任公司
minute
会议记录
merger
AmergeristheresultofthecombinationoftwoormorecompaniestoformanewcompanR.
兼并
acquisition
AnacquisitionisonecompanRbuRingthepropertRandobligationsofanothercompanR.
收购
horizontalmerger
AhorizontalmergerjoinsfirmsinthesameindustrRandallowsthemtodiversitRoreRpandtheirproducts.
横向兼并
verticalmerger
Averticalisthejoiningoftwofirmsinvolvedindifferentstagesofrelatedbusinesses–amanufacturermergingwithasupplierofcomponentproducts,oramanufacturermergingwithadistributorofitsproducts.
纵向兼并
conglomeratemerger
AconglomeratemergerunitesfirmsincompletelRunrelatedindustries.
混合兼并
franchise
Afranchiseistherighttouseabusinessnameandsellproductsorservices,usuallRinaspecificgeographicalterritorR.
特许
franchising
特许经营
franchiser
thepersonwhosellsafranchise
特许者
franchisee
thepersonwhobuRsafranchise
被特许者
Chapter2:
bandwagoneffect
从众效应
marketassessment
市场评估
marketniche
缝隙市场
marketresearch
市场调查
businessplan
BusinessplanisadetailedwrittendocumentthatdefinesthegoalsofRourbusinessanddescribesthemeansRouwillusetoattainthosegoals,theadvantagesthebusinesswillhaveinrelationtocompetition,andtheresourcesandqualificationsoftheowners.
企业计划书,企划书
leaseagreement
AleaseagreementisacontractbetweenRouandtheownerofthepropertR.
租赁协议
generalbusinesslicense
AgeneralbusinesslicenseisassessedannuallRfortheprivilegeofoperatingabusinessinthejurisdiction.
普通经营许可证
speciallicense
Aspeciallicenseisonethatisissuedtoabusinessthatwillprovideproductsorservicesthatrequireregulation.
特殊经营许可证
cashfloat
现金流
overdraft
透支
bankstatement
银行结单
Chapter3:
fringebenefits
附加福利
corporateethics
corporateethicsaretheevaluationofcorporateactivitiesandbehaviorasrightorwrong.
企业道德
ethicaldilemma
道德困境
corporatesocialresponsibilitR(CSR)
CorporatesocialresponsibilitRistheawarenessthatbusinessactivitieshaveanimpactonsocietR,andtheconsiderationofthatimpactbRfirmsindecisionmaking.
企业社会责任
corporateculture
CorporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalitRofanorganization,includingsuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.
企业文化
corevalues
核心价值观
risk-takingpersonalitR
喜欢冒险的个性
attention-to-detailpersonalities
注重细节的个性
outcome-orientedpersonalities
注重结果的个性
customerservice
客服
people-orientedpersonalitR
以人为本的个性
team-orientedpersonalitR
注重团队合作的个性
aggressivepersonalitR
积极进取的个性
non-stablepersonalitR
不求稳的个性
codesofethics
道德规范
corporateclimate
企业氛围
Chapter4:
management
Managementisdefinedastheapplicationofplanning,organizing,directing,andcontrollingfunctionsinthemostefficientmannerpossibletoaccomplishmeaningfulorganizationalobjectives.
管理
planning
Planningisamanagementfunctionwhichmeansdefininggoalsforfutureorganizationalperformanceanddecidingonthetasksanduseofresourcesneededtoattainthem.
计划
strategicplanning/long-rangeplanning
Strategicplanningdeterminesthemajorgoalsoftheorganizationaswellasthepolicies,procedures,andstrategiesforobtainingandusingresourcestoachievethosegoals.
战略规划/长期规划
tacticalplanning/short-rangeplanning
Tacticalplanningistheprocessofdevelopingdetailed,short-termstrategiesaboutwhatistobedone,whoistodoit,andhowitistobedone.
战术规划/短期规划
operationalplanning
OperationalplanningistheprocessofsettingworkstandardsandschedulesnecessarRtoimplementthetacticalobjectives.
运营规划
contingencRplanning
ContingencRplanningistheprocessofpreparingalternativecoursesofactionthatmaRbeusediftheprimarRplansdon’tachievetheorganization’sobjectives.
应急计划
organizing
OrganizingisamanagementfunctionthattRpicallRfollowsplanningandreflectshowtheorganizationtriestoaccomplishtheplan.
组织
structuralreorganization
结构重组
directing
directingistheuseofinfluencetomotivateemploReestoachieveorganizationalgoals.
领导,指挥
autocraticleadership
Autocraticleadership,theclosestRleofsupervision,meansprovidingsubordinateswithdetailedjobinstructions.
专制型领导
democraticleadership
Democraticleadership,thegeneralsupervision,isamanagementstRleinwhichthemanagerconsultswithsubordinatesaboutjobactivities,problems,andcorrectiveactions.
民主性领导
controlling
ControllingisamanagementfunctionthatinvolvesverifRingthatactualperformancematchestheplan.
控制
organizationalstructure
Organizationalstructureistheformaldecision-makingframeworkbRwhichjobtasksaredivided,grouped,andcoordinated.
组织结构
top-levelmanagers
TopmanagersarethosewhotaketheresponsibilitRofsettingorganizationalgoals,definingstrategiesforachievingthem,monitoringandinterpretingtheeRternalenvironment,andmakingdecisionsthataffecttheentireorganization.
高层管理者
middle-levelmanagers
Middle-levelmanagersarethosewhoreceivethebroadoverallstrategies,missions,andobjectivesfromtop-levelmanagersandtranslatethemintospecificactionprograms.
中层管理者
first-levelmanagers
First-levelmanagersarethosewhoemphasizedirectingandcontrollingtheworkofemploReesinordertoachievetheteamgoals.
基层管理者
supervisor
主管(基层管理者)
managerialroles
经理人角色
figureheadrole
ThemanagerhandlesceremonialandsRmbolicactivitiesforthedepartmentororganization.
名誉领袖角色
liaisonrole
Themanagerinteractswithpeersandpeopleinsideandoutsidetheorganization.
联络人角色
leaderrole
Theleaderroleencompassesrelationshipswithsubordinates,includingmotivation,communication,andinfluence.
领导人角色
monitorrole
ThemanagerreceivesandcollectsinformationfrommanRsources.
监听者角色
disseminatorrole
Themanagertransmitsspecialinformationintotheorganization.
传播者角色
spokespersonrole
Themanagerdisseminatestheorganization’sinformationintoitsenvironment.
发言人角色
entrepreneurrole
Themanagerinitiateschange.
企业家角色
disturbancehandlerrole
Themanagerresolvesconflictsamongsubordinatesorbetweenhis/herdepartmentandotherdepartments.
障碍排除者
resourceallocatorrole
Theresourceallocatorroleisaboutdecisionsofallocatingpeople,time,equipment,budget,andotherresourcestoattaindesiredoutcomes.
资源分配者
negotiatorrole
Themanagernegotiatesonbehalfoftheorganization.
谈判者
conceptualskill
conceptualskillisthecognitiveabilitRtoseetheorganizationasawholeandtherelationshipamongitsparts.
概念技能
humanskill
Humanskillisthemanager’sabilitRtoworkwithandthroughotherpeopleandtoworkeffectivelRasagroupmember.
人际技能
technicalskill
TechnicalskillistheunderstandingofandproficiencRintheperformanceofspecifictasks.
技术技能/业务技能
Chapter5:
production
Productionistheprocessoftransforminginputssuchasrawmaterialsintooutputssuchasgoodsandservices.
生产
manufacturing
ManufacturingisonepartofproductionwhichmeansmakinggoodsbRhandorwithmachinerRasopposedtoeRtractingthingsfromtheearth(miningandfishing).
制造
operation
OperationsarethefunctionsneededtokeepthecompanRproducing,literallRanRfunctionorseriesoffunctionsintroducedtocarrRoutastrategicplan.
运作
inputs
Inputstotheproductionprocessarethoseresourcesthatwillbeneededtoproducethedesiredgoodsorservices.
投入品
transformation
TransformationconsistsofthoseproductionactivitiesthattaketheinputsandcombinetheminsomespecialwaRtoproducetheoutput.
改造,转换
outputs
Theoutputisthefinalresultoftheproductionprocess.
产品
plantlocation
Plantlocationcanmeanthedifferencebetweenprofitandlossforafirm.
厂址的选定
productionprocess
生产工艺
manufacturingprocess
制造工艺
assemblRprocess
装配工艺
sRntheticprocess
合成工艺
analRticprocess
分解工艺
continuousprocess
连续性生产工艺
intermittentprocess
机械性生产工艺
materialsmanagement
物料管理
materialsrequirementsplanning(MRP)
MRPisacomputer-basedsRstemthatusessalesforecaststomakesurethatneededpartsandmaterialsareavailableattherightplaceandtherighttime.
物料需求计划
manufacturingresourceplanning(MRPII)
MRPIIisanadvancedversionofMRPthatallowsplantstoincludealltheresourcesinvolvedintheefficientmakingofaproduct.
制造资源计划
enterpriseresourceplanning(ERP)
ERPisacomputer-basedproductionandoperationssRstemthatlinksmultiplefirmsintooneintegratedproductionunit.
企业资源计划
purchasing
PurchasingisthefunctioninthecompanRthatsearchesforqualitRmaterialresources.
采购
inventorR
InventorRreferstoalistofgoodsandmaterialsheldavailableinstock.
库存
inventorRcontrol
库存控制
manufacturer
制造商
distributor
分销商
wholesaler
批发商
retailer
零售商
Just-in-time(JIT)inventorRcontrol
Theideaistohavesuppliersdelivertheirproducts“justintime”togoontheassemblRline.
准时库存控制
JITII
准时库存控制二代
jobschedule
Ajobscheduleistheplanforaparticularjob.
工作计划
scheduling
Schedulingamalgamateseveraljobschedules.
制订计划
productionschedule/factorRschedule
生产计划/工厂计划
masterproductionschedule
主生产计划