大学四级24Word文档下载推荐.docx

大学四级24Word文档下载推荐.docx

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正确答案：

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Onlyafewdecadesago，theideaofworkingathomewouldhavesoundedquitestrangetous．

（1）{{U}}Withsocialdevelopment,however,workingathomehasbecomesopopularnowadaysthatsomeevensaythatwehaveenteredaneraofworkingathome．{{/U}}

（2）{{U}}Likeallnewlyemergedphenomena,workingathomehasbroughtaboutcontroversyconcerningitsadvantagesanddisadvantages{{/U}}.

（2）{{U}}Somearguethat{{/U}}thankstotheadvanced（3）{{U}}communications{{/U}}>

whichmakeworkingathomepossible，humanbeingsareprovidedwithanalternativewayofworkingthatenablesthemtoworkatease，arrangetheirschedulesflexibly，andbefreedfromwastingtimein（4）{{U}}commuting{{/U}}tooffices．

（2）{{U}}However,{{/U}}therearealsopeoplewhothinkthatworkingathome（5）{{U}}deprivesthechanceof{{/U}}cmmunicatingwithothersinwork，isolatingpeoplefromtheoutsideworldanddiscouragingthespiritofteamwork．

（6）{{U}}Inmyopinion{{/U}}，whetherworkingathomeisagoodchoiceornotdependsonone’sownpersonalityandthefeatureofthework．Ifpeopleenjovworkingaloneandperformstheirtasksbestwhileworkingathome,shouldnotrejectsuchachoice．Iftheworkdoesn’tneedface-to-facecommunication，theemployersmaymakeitflexible．

本文是一篇“对比选择”型议论文，要求考生先介绍“在家办公”这一现象，然后分别阐述人们对此的不同观点，最后提出自己的看法。

（1）引出观点

（2）分析正反两方的原因

（3）communications此处意为“通信设施”

（4）commute“乘车上下班”

（5）deprivethechanceof…“剥夺了…的机会”

（6）提出个人观点）

解析：

二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）{{/B}}（总题数：

70.00）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

DoEnvironmentalistsHoldBackSustainableLifestyles?

Whowantsasustainablelifestyle?

Wellactuallyquitealotofpeople,apparently.Farfrombeinganicheconcept,amajornewstudyonsustainabilityfromtheUNEPsaystheideais"

misunderstoodasarichnationchoice"

.

Whilethedesiretoenjoywesternlivingstandardsisstrong,thestudypicksoutarangeofsustainablelivingideasbeingdevelopedacrosstheworldItsaysoneofthebiggestbarrierstomorepeopleachievingthemmaybehowwecelebrateandcommunicatetheseideas.

Mostdefinitionsofsustainablelifestylestalkaboutthreekeyareas;

minimalenvironmentalimpact,notunderminingthecarryingcapacityofresources（i.e.usingonlythosethatarerenewableorreplaceableovertime）andhelpingpeopleinteractwiththecommunitiesandplacesinwhichtheylive.

But,astheUNEPstudypointsout,"

peoplewillonlychangetheirlifestylesinexchangeforabetterone"

soperhapsafourthpointcouldbejustasimportant:

makingthemdesirable.

SolitaireTownsend,co-founderofsustainabilityconsultancyFuterra,saysmakingthemdesirablemaybeeasierthanwethink.Shepointstosomeoftheactivitiesthatpeopletryingtolivesustainablybecomeinvolvedin,suchascyclingandclaangingthewaytheyeat.Poorimageofsustainability

TheUNEPstudysaysmuchofthecommunicationaroundsustainablelifestyleshastendedtobefromenvironmentalgroupsandgovernmentandeither"

prescriptive,patronisingordisapproving"

"

Ratherthanturnpeopleontothevastopportunitiesandenjoymentsustainablelifestylescanbring,theyhaveturnedpeopleoff,"

saysTownsend.

What'

slacking,sheargues,isavision."

Nobodyaspirestoliveapolicy.Peopleaspiretowhattheycansee,feel,touch;

somethingtangible.Wedon'

thaveapassionate,eloquent,visualdescriptionofsustainablelifestyles,sopeopledon'

tknowtheywantthem."

Foryearswe'

vetriedto'

sell'

climatechange,butalotofpeoplearen'

tbuying,"

Townsendsays."

Threatsofclimatehellhaven'

tseemedtoholdusbackfromrunningheadlongtowardsit.Wemustbuildavisualandcompellingvisionoflowcarbonheaven.Andthisvisionmustbedesirable."

Ifitisn'

tmoredesirablethanwhatwe'

vegotnowthenwhybotherreachingforit?

Reachingabiggeraudience

However,creatingasingle"

desirable"

visionofasustainablelifestylewon'

theenoughonitsown,accordingtoDrMichaelPeters,fromtheResearchGrouponI.ifestylesValuesandEnvironment（RESOLVE）attheUniversityofSurrey.

Initiativesthatattempttoconnectwithpeopleandengageinmoresustainablewaystendtoattractpeoplewhoarealready'

switchedon'

environmentally,sothere'

sabigbarrierinconnectingwithpeopleforwhomenvironmentalissuesarenotakeypriority,"

hesays.

Peterssaysthatinsomecasestheperipheral（次要的）benefitsoflifestylesthatexertlessimpactontheenvironmentshouldbehighlighted,suchasthesavingsthatcanbemadebyrunninganenergyefficienthousehold.

Ifthemoralenvironmentalargumentdoesn'

tresonate（共鸣）,thenperhapsthefinancialsavingscould."

Measuringhappiness

Othersbelievethattheissuegoesdeeperthansimplysellingthebenefitsordesirabilityofasustainablelifestyle-thebiggestbarrierofallmaybesocialpressuresandhowwemeasureahappyandsuccessfullife.

Intheindustrialisedworldespecially,thistendstobejudgedintermsofmaterialwealth.Thetraditionalyardstickisthatofconsumption,typicallyviewedasanindicationofwell-beingandwealthbyeconomistswithGDPregardedasthelastwordinmeasuringprogress,developmentandprosperityofasociety.

But,astheUNEPstudyonsustainabilitypointsout,GDPisnotareliableindicatorofhappinessorsatisfaction.AquicklookattheNewEconomicsFoundation'

s（NEF）HappyPlanetIndexrevealsthatthosecountrieswiththehighestGDParenotrankedasthehappiest.

Infact,thetoptencountriesareallLatinAmericanorCaribbean,withCostaRicatoppingtheranks.Richindustrialisednationsfallsomewhereinthemiddle---theUKranks74thbehindGermany,FranceandItaly,whiletheUSAiswaybehindat114thoutof143.

JulietMichaelson,aresearcherattheNEF,agreesthattheperceptionofwhatdriveshappinesspresentsabarriertopeoplelivingsustainablelifestyles.

Aslongassignsofsuccess,bothindividuallyandatasocietallevel,aretodowithmaterialpossessionsandwealththenthereisabigincentivetogearourbehaviourtowardsproducingthosethings,"

shesays.

Thosethingsarenotthebiggestdriverofwell-being.Thingssuchasyoursocialrelationshipshaveamuchbiggerroletoplay."

Encouragingalternatives

TimCooper,ProfessorofsustainabledesignandconsumptionatNottinghamTrentUniversity,saysthereisalreadyplentyofevidenceofpeopletakingdecisionswhichimprovetheirqualityoflifeovertheirincome,suchasworkingpart-time.Butheworriesthatmomentum（动力）maybelostbyalackofenthusiasmforsustainabilityamongcurrentpoliticiansandpolicymakers.

Therehavebeenconcernsthatgreenissueswillbe"

downplayed"

acrossGovernmentfollowingthescrappingoftheweU-respectedwatchdog,theSustainableDevelopmentCommission（SDC）.

ProfessorTimJackson,authorofthegroundbreaking"

ProsperitywithoutGrowth"

reportfortheSDC,agreesthatthereisalarmaboutwhethertheprogressmadeoverthepastdecadewillhelost.However,hesaysthatthereactionofthedevolvedadministrations--theWelshAssemblyGovernmentinparticularwasoutragedattheSDCdecision--suggeststhattheunderstandingandprioritisationofsustainabilityisgrowing.

HealsopointstoDefra'

snowannuallypublishedSustainableDevelopmentIndicatorsasevidencethatsomepartsofGovernmentareatleastabletothinkaboutmeasuringprogressusingsomethingotherthanGDP.

ProfessorCooperagrees,butsaysthingsneedtogofurther.HeworriesthatmostGovernmentdepartmentsarestillstuckwith"

old-fashioned"

viewsofeconomicgrowth.

Thereisthatpotentialoutthere-peopledon'

talwaysmaximisetheirincomes--butthatseemstobetheonlymessagetheGovernmentseemstoheabletogive.Ifitdidtakeaslightlydifferentapproachandgaveadelicatemessagethatmighthelppeoplemove."

Hepointstoeducationasthekeysectorandsayssustainabilityshouldbeembeddedacrosstheschoolcurriculum,"

atthemomentwetrainthemforsocietyasitisratherthanavisionforhowitcouldbe,"

hesays.（分数：

（1）.WhatisoneofthebiggestbarrierstomorepeopleachievingsustainablelifestylesaccordingtoUNEP'

snewstudy?

∙A.Howwethinkofwesternlifestyles.

∙B.Howweevaluatethewesternlivingstandards.

∙C.Howwecelebrateandcommunicatesustainableideas.

∙D.Howweprovidesustainabledevelopmentforfolks.

7.00）

A.

B.

C. 

√

D.

[解析]由题干关键词oneofthebiggestbarriers定位到第二段第二句：

Itsaysoneofthebiggestbarrierstomorepeopleachievingthemmaybehowwecelebrateandcommunicatetheseideas．可知，新研究发现，让更多的人做到可持续生活方式的最大的障碍之一也许是我们如何宣扬并传达这些可持续的理念，故选C）项。

（2）.SolitaireTownsendsaysitmaybeeasierthanwethinktolivesuchsustainablelifestylesas

∙A.minimizingenvironmentalimpact

∙B.underminingthecarryingcapacityofresources

∙C.interactingwiththecommunitiesandplaces

∙D.cyclingandchangingthewaytheyeat

C.

D. 

[解析]由题干关键词SolitaireTownsend定位到第五段第一、二句：

SolitaireTownsend…saysmakingthemdesirablemaybeeasierthanwethink．Shepointstosomeoftheactivitiesthatpeopletryingtolivesustainablybecomeinvolvedin，suchascyclingandchangingthewaytheyeat．可知，SolitaireTownsend说，使这些理念让人接受也许比我们想象得容易。

她指出人们的某些