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4.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantafterBlackDeath
----ThelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,soEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.
1.WhoaretheBritishPeople
----ThefirstknowninhabitantsinBritainwereCeltswhoaretheancestorsoftheWelsh,ScottishandIrishpeople.ThencametheAnglos,theSaxonsandtheJuteswhobroughtwiththemtheEnglishlanguage.ManypeoplefromotherEuropeancountriescamelater,andinmoderntimestherearealotofimmigrantsfrommanyformerCommonwealthcountriesfromeverypartoftheworld.Britainisacountryofmixedcultures,andtheBritainpeoplearealsocomposedofpeoplefromdifferentethicandculturebackgrounds.
2.WhatisStandardEnglish
----StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofsoutheasternEngland.Itiswidelyusedinmediaandtaughtatschools.Itispreferredbytheeducated,middle-classpeople.IthasdevelopedandhasbeenpromotedasamodelforcorrectBritainEnglish.Itisalsothenormcarriedoverseas.Today,StandardEnglishiscodifiedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyaremuchthesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishistaughtandused.
1.WhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishParliament
----theHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.
2.WhatweresomeofQueenVictoria'
smajorachievement
----QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britainhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld'
slandmass.
3.WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinWorldWar1
----TheCentralPowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theOttomanEmpireandBulgariaandtheAlliedPowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussiaEmpire,theBritainEmpire,ItalyandtheUnitedStates.
4.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWar2
----BecausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharedthesameworriesabouttheformerSovietUnion.
1.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain
----TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialcountryincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesintheclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.
2.TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire
----ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritishcolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,BritishhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendof19thcentury,theBritishEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld'
slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWar1,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain'
scoloniesgainedindependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalltheEmpire.
1.WhatarethethreefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons
----todraftlaws,toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactivitiesofthegovernment,andtoinfluencefuturegovernmentpolicy.
2.WhyistheConservativePartysometimescalledthe"
Right"
----BecausetheConservativePartyissupportedbylandownersandbusinessmen,whoareoftenfromthemiddleandupper-middleclass.
3.WhatkindofpublicimagedoesLiberalDemocratshaveinBritain
----TheLiberalDemocratsisperceivedas"
middle"
betweentheConservativeandtheLaborParty.Itiscomparativelyflexibleandpragmaticinitsbalanceoftheindividualandthesocial.ItemphasizestheneedforachangeinBritain'
sconstitutionalarrangementstomakethegovernmentmoredemocraticandaccountable.
4.Whyareindependentcandidatesunlikelytowininthegeneralelection
----Becauseeveniftheywereelected,theywouldbepowerlessinParliament.Therefore,itisnotpossibleformanypeopletovoteforindependentcandidates.
1.WhatdoBritishelectoralcampaignsusuallyinvolveduringtheprocessofageneralelection
----Theelectoralcampaignsusuallyinvolveadvertisinginnewspapers,door-to-doorcampaigningandleaflets.Themainpartiesaregivenshortperiodsoftimeonnationaltelevisiontopresenttheirpoliciestothepublic.Apartfromtheparties'
ownpublicity,newspapersandTVprogramsspendalotoftimediscussingthecampaign,interviewingpoliticians,andpredictingtheresults.
2.WhatistheCommonwealthofNations
----TheCommonwealthofNationsisavoluntaryassociationofindependentsovereignstates,allofwhichacknowledgetheBritishmonarchasthehead.TheCommonwealthisnotapoliticalunionofanysort,anditsmemberstateshavefullautonomytomanagetheirinternalandexternalaffairs.Itisprimarilyanorganizationinwhichcountrieswithdiverseeconomicbackgroundshaveanopportunityforcloseandequalinteractionaftergainingindependence.ThemajoractivitiesoftheCommonwealtharedesignedtoadvocatedemocracy,humanrights,andtopromoteeconomiccooperationandgrowthwithinitsmembers.
1.WhatwasthenegativeaspectofThatcher'
sreformintheearly1980s
----Itsnegativeaspectwasarapidincreaseinunemployment.In1982,theunemploymentratereachedtheleveloftheGreatDepressionyears,withthreemillionpeopleoutofwork.
2.WhatarethecharacteristicsofBritain'
sagriculture
----British'
sagricultureischaracterizedbyasmallportionofthepopulationengagedinagriculturalactivitieswithahighdegreeofmechanization.Althoughitemploysamere1%ofthecountry'
slaborforce,itmeetsaround60%ofthenationaldemands.
3.WhathappenedtoBritain'
sbeefindustryinthemid-1990s
sbeefindustrywashitbadlybyBSE,resultinginabanonbeefexportsin1996.
4.WhataresomeofthepopulartouristattractioninBritain
----ThepopulartouristattractionsinEnglishinclude:
theDorsetandtheEastDevonCoast,theLakeDistrict,Stonehenge,WindsorCastle,universitytownsofOxfordandCambridge,TowerofLondon,St.Paul'
sCathedralandsoon.
1.WhatwerethemajorcausesofBritain'
srelativeeconomicdeclineinthepostwarperiod
seconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineinthepostwarperiodforseveralreasons.First,BritishsufferedagreatlossesinthetwoWorldWarsandhadgoneheavilyintodebttofinancethewar.Second,theeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover.IndiaandotherBritishcolonies,whichprovidedrawmaterialandlargemarketforBritishgoods,gainedtheirindependence.Third,Britishwasforcedtomaintainanexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntiltheendof1960s.Fourth,BritishhadtomakesubstantialfinancialcontributionstoNATOandUNSecurityCouncil.Finally,BritishfailedtoinvestinindustryafterWorldWar2whereasitscompetitorslikeGermanyandJapancaughtupwithBritishbuyinvestinginthemostmodernequipmentandmeansofproduction.
2.WhydodevelopednationslikeBritainencouragethedevelopmentoftheserviceindustry
----Theserviceindustryhasplayedanincreasinglyimportantroleineconomyinthedevelopmentcountries.Ontheotherhand,itrequiresalargegroupofpeopleworkinginitsothatabundantemploymentopportunitiesareprovided.Ontheotherhand,theserviceindustrycauseslittlepollution.
1.WhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain
----Themajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsweretotrainthemostacademicallycapablestudentsandpreparethemforuniversity,whereasthemajorfunctionsofvocationalschoolsweretohelplesssuccessfulstudentstolearnatrade.
2.WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritaincomprehensiveschoolsprovide
----Britishcomprehensiveschoolsprovideageneraleducation,offeringbothacademicsubjectslikeliteratureandscience,andpracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.
3.InwhatwaysdoBritainuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom
----Britishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedombecausetheycanappointtheirownstaff,decidewhichstudentstoadmit,providetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.
4.HowdostudentsintheOpenUniversityreceivetheireducation
----Thestudentsfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,video,andanetworkofstudycenters.
5.WhatroledoesthemediaplayinBritainleisureculture
----ThemediaplaysanessentialroleinBritishleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic'
sopinion,determinepeople'
smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleofagovernment.
1.WhatarethegeneralfeatureofBritain'
sindepen