王蔷版的英语教学法复习笔记精华版.docx

王蔷版的英语教学法复习笔记精华版.docx

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Unit1LanguageandLearning

1.1Howdowelearnlanguage？

WelearnlanguageatdifferentagesPeoplehavedifferentexperiences

PeoplelearnlanguagesfordifferentreasonsPeoplelearnlanguagesindifferentways

PeoplehavedifferentcapabilitiesinlanguagelearningLearningcanbeaffectedbythewayhowlanguageistaught

Learningisaffectedbythedegreeofsuccessoneisexpecttoachieve.

Thusthechallengeconfrontinglanguageteachingishowteachingmethodologycanensuresuccessfullearningbyallthelearnerswhohavemoredifferencesthanthecommonality.

1.2Whatarethemajorviewsoflanguage?

1）Structuralview:

Languageisalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:

phonology,morphology,lexicologyandsyntax.Tolearnalanguageistolearnitsvocabularyandstructuralrules.

2）Functionalview:

Languageisalinguisticsystemaswellasameansfordoingthings.Learnerslearnalanguageinordertobeabletodothingswithit（useit）.Toperformfunctions,learnersneedtoknowhowtocombinethegrammaticalrulesandthevocabularytoexpressnotionsthatperformthefunctions.

3）Interactionalview:

Languageisacommunicativetooltobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Learnersneedtoknowtherulesofalanguageandwhere,whenandhowitisappropriatetousethem.

1.3ViewsonLanguageLearning

Twobroadlearningtheories：

Process-orientedtheoriesareconcernedwithhowthemindorganizesnewinformation.Condition-orientedtheoriesemphasizethenatureofhumanandphysicalcontext.

Behavioristtheory

n B.F.Skinner

n Astimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology

n Audio-lingualmethod

n Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.

B.Cognitivetheory

nInfluencedbyNoamChomsky（revivalofstructurallinguistics）

nLanguageasanintricaterule-basedsystem

nAlearneracquireslanguagecompetencewhichenableshimtoproducelanguage.

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n Oneinfluentialideaofcognitiveapproachtolanguageteachingisthatstudentsshouldbeallowedtocreatetheirownsentencebasedontheirownunderstandingofcertainrules.

C.Constructivisttheory

nJeanPiaget（1896—1980）

n Thelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhatisalreadyknown.

D.Socio-constructivisttheory

nVygotsky

n“ZoneofProximalDevelopment”（ZPD）;scaffolding（脚手架）

n Learningisbestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearnerandbetweenlearners.

1.4Whatarethequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher?

Agoodlanguageteacherdoesnotsolelydependonhis/hercommandofthelanguage.Thereareavarietyofelementthatcontributestothequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher.Theseelementcanbecategorizedintothreegroups:

ethicdevotion,professionalqualityandpersonalstyles.

1.5Howcanonebecomeagoodlanguageteacher?

o Wallace’s（1991）‘reflectivemodel’（Figure1.1,p.9）

Stage1:

languagedevelopmentStage2:

learning,practice,reflection

vThelearningstageisthepurposefulpreparationthatalanguagenormallyreceivesbeforethepractice,Thispreparationcaninclude:

1.Learningfromothers’experience2.Learningthereceivedknowledge

3.Learningfromone’sownexperiences

vThepracticestage（2senses）

Pseudopractice:

shortperiodoftimeassignedtodoteachingpracticeaspartofone’spre-serviceeducation,usuallyunderthesupervisionofinstructors

Therealclassroomteaching:

whatateacherundertakesafterhe/shefinishesformaleducation

vTeachersbenefitfrompracticeiftheykeeponreflectingonwhattheyhavebeendoing

Goal:

professionalcompetence

Unit2CommunicativePrinciplesandTask-basedlanguageteaching

Languageusedinreallife

Languagetaughtintheclassroom

Toperformcertaincommunicativefunctions

Tofocusonforms（structuresorpatterns）

Useallskills,bothreceptiveskillsandproductiveskills

Tofocusononeortwolanguageskillsandignoreothers.

Usedinacertaincontext

Toisolatelanguagefromitscontext

2.1Howislanguagelearnedinclassroomsdifferentfromlanguageusedinreallife?

2.2Whatiscommunicativecompetence?

Tobridgethegapbetweenclassroomlanguageteachingandreal-lifelanguageuse,onesolutionistoadoptCLT,thegoalofwhichistodevelopstudents’communicativecompetence.

2.2.1Definition:

Communicativecompetenceincludeboththeknowledgeaboutthelanguageandtheknowledgeabouthowtousethelanguageappropriatelyincommunicativesituations

2.2.2Fivecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence（Hedge2000）

uLinguisticcompetence（语言能力）

Theknowledgeoflanguageitself,itsformandmeaning.

uPragmaticcompetence（语用能力）

Theappropriateuseoflanguageinsoc