四川大学博士入学考试英语真题及答案文档格式.docx

四川大学博士入学考试英语真题及答案文档格式.docx

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Directions:

Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;

yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;

theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?

Certainlynot.Problemstheneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,abureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaxima,productionandconsumptionareendsinthemselves,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisendandshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis____.

[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

[D]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat____.

[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose____.

[A]whoareatthebottomofthesociety

[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

[D]whocoulddipfirawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould____.

[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

[C]enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

[D]takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof____.

[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction

[C]suspicion[D]susceptibility

PassageTwo

Thegovernment-runcommandpostinTunisisstaffedaroundtheclockbymilitarypersonnel,meteorologistsandcivilians.Onthewallaremaps,crisscrossedwithbrightlycolorsarrowsthatpainstakinglytrackthefearsomepathoftheenemy.

Whatkindofinvadergivesrisetosuchhigh-levelmonitoring?

Notman,notbeast,butthelowlydesertlocust（蝗虫）.Inrecentmoths,billionsofthe3-inch-longwingedwarriorshavedescendedonAlgeria,Libya,MoroccoandTunisia,blackeningtheskyandeatingupcropsandvegetation.Theinsectinvasion,theworstin30years,isalreadycreatinggreatdestructionintheMiddleEastandisnowtreatingsouthernEurope.Thecurrentcrisisbeganinlate1985neartheRedSea.UnusuallyrainyweathermoistenedthesandsoftheSudan,makingthemidealbreedinggroundsforthelocust,whichlaysitseggsintheearth.Theinsectonslaught