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Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012,andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness,andpeopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43toproduce100pennies.Lastyear,makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million.
Andforwhat?
Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce,butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation,whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday.
Ineffect,removingthepennymeansallretail(零售)priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies;
somewouldberoundeddown.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon,andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.ButRobertWhaples,aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity,actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Hereportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughlyoffsetthecostofpricesroundedup.Indeed,consumersmightactuallybenefit.
YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers(铜币).Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidtheywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbrahamLincolnisonthefront.
MrPresident,however,doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2017hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“It’soneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen,”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproductionofpennies:
Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustasks.
Thepenny,MrPresidentsaid,is“agoodmetaphor(隐喻)forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”.Thegovernment,hesaid,hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
既然一分钱硬币几乎没有实用价值,那为什么不取消呢?
文章探讨了其中的几个原因。
1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?
A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny.
B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica.
C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies.
D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段的内容,尤其是“Coiningpennies...peopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates...million”可知,和在加拿大一样,在美国铸造一分钱硬币是一件赔钱的事情,并且人们已经不再需要它了。
每铸造100个一分钱硬币,就要耗费1.43美元。
去年,铸造一分钱硬币花费了纳税人近3900万美元。
这都说明,对美国而言,铸造这种硬币似乎没有必要了。
故选C。
2.Whydosomepeopledefendthepenny?
A.Toreducethesalestax.
B.Toexpresstheirloveofcoppers.
C.ToshowtheirrespectforLincoln.
D.Tomaintainthebenefitsofconsumers.
答案 D
根据第三段中的“Pricesthatend...pennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.”和“Indeed,consumersmightactuallybenefit.”可知,支持使用一分钱硬币的人士认为取消一分钱硬币会损害消费者的利益,也就是说他们维护一分钱硬币的目的是维护消费者的利益。
故选D。
3.WhatisMrPresident’sattitudetowardmakingpennies?
A.Negative.B.Positive.
C.Defensive.D.Objective.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。
根据最后两段的内容,尤其是“hesawnoreasontomakepennies”“agoodmetaphor(隐喻)forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”“hasapoortrackrecordof‘gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo’”可知,总统先生曾表示,他觉得没有理由再铸造一分钱硬币了。
他还觉得一分钱硬币是“一个很好的隐喻,象征着我们存在的一些更大的问题”,而且在“去除已经没有用的东西,以便我们在可行的东西上进行投入”方面,政府做得很差。
由此可推知,总统先生对铸造一分钱硬币持消极态度。
故选A。
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Thisisgoingtoruffleafewfeathers(激怒).
PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags,HughJohnston,thecompany’sCFO,toldtheAssociatedPress.“Theremightbeanounceortwolessinthosebags,”Johnstonsaid.Actually,it’shalfanounceless.RegularLay’saresoldin10-ouncebags;
flavoredLay’saresoldin9.5-ouncebags;
andbotharesoldforthesame$4.29price.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butitwillsoundlikealotwithabitofsimplemath.
Americansbuysome$1.6billionworthofLay’spotatochipseveryyear.Muchofthatissoldinbulk—ormerelyinbagsbiggerthanthestandardonesmentionedabove.Butlet’sassumeforasecondthatthose10-ouncebagsaretheonlyonesLay’ssells.Thatwouldmeanthecompanysellsmorethan372millionbagsofLay’sintheU.S.eachyear—or3.72billionouncesofchips,atabout43centsperounce.Itwouldalsomeanthatthathalf-ouncedifferenceisworthabout21.5centsperbag,andabout$80millionintotalperyear.
Thatnumberislikelyagooddeallower,butit’snotentirelyunreasonable.IfLay’sischarginganextrapaymentforthesmallerflavoredchipbags,it’slikelydoingthesameforthebiggerones,too.Thattinyhalf-ouncedifferencemightonlymeanapotatochiportwotoyou,butit’sprobablyworthtensofmillionsofdollarstoPepsiCoannually.
PepsiCoconfirmedthatflavoredandunflavoredLay’schipsaresoldforthesameprice,butnotinthesamequantity.“Thisallowsustokeepthesamepricepointacrossthebrand,”JeffDahnckesaidinane-mail.Healsosuggestedthatthechipdifferencehasnothingtodowithextraprofit.“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(调味品),”hesaid.Butthatdoesn’tappeartobethecase.
Someofthemark-upsaresimplymeanttomakeupfortheaddedinputcostsofcheese,barbecue,sourcreamandonion,andotherflavorings.Butsomeofthemarealsothere(ornotthere)toincreasethepotatochipmaker’sprofits.PepsiCohasasoftspotforitsspecialtypotatochips,becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones,accordingtoJohnston.
Perha