TWENTY STEPS TO WRITING A RESEARCH ARTICLE SCI写作的二十要点word版本 10页Word格式文档下载.docx

TWENTY STEPS TO WRITING A RESEARCH ARTICLE SCI写作的二十要点word版本 10页Word格式文档下载.docx

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TWENTYSTEPSTOWRITINGARESEARCHARTICLE

BethA.FischerandMichaelJ.Zigmond

SurvivalSkillsandEthicsProgram

UniversityofPittsburgh

Theprocessofmovingfromideatopublishedmanuscriptcanbeadauntingone.

Herewebreakthatprocessintoaseriesofstepsdesignedmakethisessentialtask

moremanageable.1If20stepsistoomuchtomanage,focusonthe13stepsthat

wehavemarkedwithanasterisk（*）–thesecannotbeskipped!

1.Determinetheauthors

Whendesigningaresearchproject,werecommendpreparinganinitiallistandorderof

authors.Suchalistauthorsshouldbebasedonestablishedguidelines2andshouldmakeexplicittheestimatedcontributionofeachindividualtotheproject.

Alistofauthorswillensurethatallindividualstobeinvolvedintheprojectunderstandattheoutsetwhetherornottheycanexpecttobeanauthorand,ifso,whotheircontributionistobe.Itshouldbeviewedasatentativelist,asthefinalversionshouldreflectactualcontributionstothework.（Also,theremayalsobemorethanonelistasitmightbeanticipatedthatmorethanonepaperwillderivefromagivenproject.）

2.Startwritingbeforetheexperimentalarecomplete

Startingwritingwhileyouarestilldoingtheexperiments.Writingoftenevokesnew

ideas:

youmayrealizethatthereareadditionalexperimentstorunoradditionalcontrolsthatyouneedtoadd.Ifyouwaituntilyouaredoneinthelab,havedismantledtheequipment,andpossiblymovedontoanotherposition,youwillnothavetheopportunitytotesttheseideas.

3.Decideitistimetopublish

Itistimetopublishwhenyourfindingsrepresentacompletestory（oratleastacomplete

chapter）,onethatwillmakeasignificantcontributiontothescientificliterature.Simplycollectingagivenamountofdataisnotadequate.1OurlisthasbeenmodifiedandexpandedfromalistprovidedbytheCouncilofBiologicalEditors（1968）.

2Werecommendthateveryresearchgroupestablishandmakeknowntoitsmembersthecriteriathatwillbeforauthorshiponpapersresultingfromtheworktobeconducted.Insodoing,thegroupmaywishtomakeuseofexistingguidelines.（SeeouressayonComponentsofaResearchArticle.）

4.Draftatitle&

abstract

Draftingaworkingtitleandanabstracthelpsdefinethecontentsofthepaper,identifying

whichexperimentsyouwillpublishinthispaper,andwhichstudiesyouwillsaveforinclusioninanotherpaper.（SeeourComponentofaResearchArticleonthepreparationofthesetwoitems.）

*5.（Re）examinethelistofauthors

Whenyouhavenowdeterminedwhichexperimentswillbeincludedinthispaperyou

mustselecttheauthorsandtheorderinwhichtheywillappear.Ifyouhavefollowedouradvicetothispoint,youalreadyhavesuchalist.Reevaluateitbasedonthecontributionsthatweremadetothoseexperimentsandtheadditionalcontributionsthatwillbemadethroughthepreparationofthemanuscript.Ifalistalreadyexists,makeadjustmentsshouldbemadetoensurecompliancewithyourguidelines2.Ofcourse,anychangesshouldbedonewithcautionandtact.

6.Determinethebasicformat

Therearethreebasicformatsforpeer-reviewedresearcharticles:

Full-lengthresearcharticles:

Thesearticlescontainacomprehensive

investigationofthesubjectmatterandareviewedasthestandardformat.Ituses

the“IMRAD”format–Introduction,Methods,Results,andDiscussion.（Seeour

“ComponentsofaResearchArticle.”）

Short（orbrief）communications:

Whilenotascomprehensiveinscopeasfull-

lengthresearcharticles,thesepapersalsomakeasignificantcontributiontothe

literature.Theirlengthwillbesetbythejournalbutisusually3500wordsorless

andwillcontainupto1-2tablesandfigures.Unlikefullpapers,methods,results,

anddiscussionsmaybecombinedintoasinglesection.

Rapidcommunications:

Thesearticlesquicklydisseminateparticularly“hot”

findings,usuallyinabriefcommunicationformat.Articlesthathaveimmediate

implicationsforpublichealthwouldbeappropriateforsuchaformat,asmight

findingsinahighlycompetitiveandquicklymovingfield.

7.Selectthejournal

Thereareseveralfactorstoconsiderwhenchoosingajournal.Itisunlikelythatone

journalwillhaveallofthefeaturesyouarelookingfor,soyoumayhavetocompromise.However,thereisoneessentialfeaturethatyoushouldnotcompromiseon–manuscriptsmustbepeerreviewedforpublicationiftheyaretobeconsideredresearcharticles.

Language:

Englishhasbecomethedominantformforinternationalscientific

communication.Thus,ifyouareinterestedincommunicatingyourresultswidely

totheinternati