心理学导论transcript17Word格式.docx

心理学导论transcript17Word格式.docx

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ProfessorPaulBloom:

Justtoreview,here'

swhereweleftoff.Thediscussionfromlastlectureandforabouthalfofthislectureisgoingtobesocialpsychology.Andso,westartedoffbytalkingaboutcertainfundamentalbiasesinhowweseeourselves.Wethenturnedtotalkaboutabiasandhowweseeotherpeople,thefundamentalattributionerror.Andnowwe'

retalkingalittlebitaboutsomeaspectsofhowweseeotherpeople.So,wequicklytalkedaboutcertainaspectsofwhywelikeotherpeopleincludingproximity,similarity,andattractiveness,andwhereweleftoffwasadiscussionoftheMattheweffect,whichisbasicallythatgoodthingstendtocompound.Ifyou'

rerichyou'

llgetabettereducation,ifyou'

resmartpeoplewilllikeyoumore,ifyou'

reattractiveandsoon.Nobodybringuptheirpapersatthispoint.They'

llcollectthemattheendofclass.WhatIwanttotalkto--[laughter]Okay,exceptforyou.Justhandmeitnow.[laughter]I'

mgoingtoasktheteachingfellowstostopanybodyfromapproachingthatarea.

Iwanttobeginbytalkingabout[laughter]impressionformation,howweformimpressionsofothers,andtellyouacoupleofinterestingthingsaboutimpressionformation.Thefirstoneis,firstimpressionsmatteralot.Theymatteralotfordifferentreasons.Theymightmatteralotbecausehumanshave,ingeneral,aconfirmationbiassuchthatonceyoubelievesomethingotherinformationisthenencodedalongthelikestosupportwhatyoubelieve.So,theclassicstudyherewasdonebyKelleywhereaguestspeakercomesinandsomeofthestudentsreceivedabiodescribingthespeakerasverywarm,theotheras--donotbringyourpaperupifyou'

recominginlate.Just--attheendofclass,yeah.[laughter]Othersgotabiosaying--thanks,Erik--thespeakerwasrathercoldandthenitturnedoutlateron[laughter]whenthey'

reaskedfortheirimpressionsofthespeakerpeopleareverymuchbiasedbywhattheyfirstassumed.IfI'

mdescribedtoyouasavivaciousandcreativepersonandyouseemeandI'

mallkindofbouncingaroundandeverything,youcouldthenconfirmthisas,"

Lookhowvivaciousandcreativeheis."

IfI'

mdescribedassomebodywhodrinkstoomuch,youmightthinkhe'

sanalcoholic.Ifhe'

sdescribedassomebodywho'

sinsecureandnervous,youcouldinterpretmyactivityasnervoustwitches.Yourfirstimpressionsetsaframeworkfromwhichyouinterpreteverythingelse.

ThiswasthethemeofanexcellentmoviecalledBeingTherestarringPeterSellers.Andtherunningjokeofthemovie"

BeingThere"

wasthatthemaincharacter,thecharacterChaunceyGardner,somehowthroughaccidenthadthereputationforbeingageniusbutwhile,inreality,hewasactuallymildlyretarded.Buthewouldgoaroundandpeoplewouldaskhimhisopinionsonpoliticsandhewouldsaythingslike"

Well,Ilikebeinginthegarden."

Andbecauseofhisreputationasageniuspeoplesaid,"

Wow.That'

sveryprofound.Iwonderwhathemeans."

And--orpeoplewouldtalktohimandhe'

djuststareatthemandsay--andpeoplewouldsay--wouldbeintimidatedbyhisboldandimpetuousstarewhenactuallyhejusttotallydidn'

tknowanything.So,firstimpressionscanshapesubsequentimpressionsnotjustwhendealingwithpeople.

Alittlewhileagotherewasasniper,actuallyapairofsniperskillingpeopleinWashingtonandtheonethingeverybodyknewaboutitwastherewasawhitevaninvolved.Itturnedouttherewasnowhitevanatallbutinthefirstincidentsomebodysawawhitevan,thiswasreportedinallthenewspapers,theneveryotherincidentpeoplestartedseeingthewhitevan.So,theystartedlookingforthemandtheystartedtoattending--attendtothem.So,firstimpressionsmatterhugelywhendealingwithpeoplebecauseitsetsthestageforhowweinterpreteverythingelse.

Asecondfindingbuildingonthefirstisthatweformimpressionsveryfast,veryquickly,andthisisaliteratureknownas"

thinslices."

Theideaisyoudon'

thavetoseemuchofapersontogetanimpressionofwhattheyare.Thefirststudiesdoneonthiswereactuallydoneonteachers,onuniversityprofessors.So,universityprofessorshaveteachingevaluationsandyoucouldusethisasaroughandreadyapproximationofwhatstudentsthinkofthem.So,whatyoudothenis--thequestionthatthesepeoplewereinterestedin,RosenthalandAmbady,twosocialpsychologists,werehowlongdoyouhavetolookataprofessortoguesshowpopularateacherheis?

So,theyshowedtheseclipsforafullclass.Doyouhavetoseethemforafullclass?

Doyouhavetoseethemfortwoclasses?

Doyouhavetoseethemforahalfhour?

Howlongdoyouhavetobearoundapersontoseehim,toestimatehowgoodalecturerthatpersonis?

Andtheanswerisfiveseconds.So,afterclips