托福考试阅读模拟试题训练Word文件下载.docx

托福考试阅读模拟试题训练Word文件下载.docx

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father,mother,child,teacher,student,policeofficer,storeclerk,doctor,judge,politicalleader,andsoon.Everycultureexpectscertaintypesofbehaviorfrompeoplewhoplaycertainsocialroles.Anyoneoccupyingagivenpositionisexpectedtoadoptaspecificattitude.Astoreclerkisexpectedtotakecareofcustomerspatientlyandpolitely,andajudgeisexpectedtomakewiseandfairdecisionsaboutlaws.

Informalsocialrolesarenotalwayseasytorecognize,butcanbeidentifiedwithcarefulresearch.Theyarekeyindicatorsofagroup'

shealthandhappiness.Withinthefamily,oneinformalroleisthefamilyhero,thepersonwhodefinesintegrityandupholdsfamilymorality.Othersarethefamilyarbitrator,thepersonwhokeepsthepeace,andthefamilyhistorian,oftenagrandparent,whorelaysvaluableculturalinformationthatmaintainsboththefamilyandthelargersociety.Andfinally,thereisthefamilyfriend,thepersonwhoprovidescomfortandcompanionshiptothefamilymemberswithemotionalneeds.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionastoreclerkandajudgeinparagraph1?

A.Togiveexamplesofpeoplewhoholdpositionsofrespects.

B.Toexplainwhysocialrolesareimportanttoasociety.

C.Toillustratethebehaviorrequiredofcertainsocialroles.

D.Tocomparetheresponsibilitiesoftwodifferentoccupations.

2.Whydoestheauthorusethetermkeyindicatorsindiscussinginformalsocialroles?

A.Toidentifythemostimportanttypeofsocialroles.

B.Toexplainhowtoidentifyinformalsocialroles

C.Topointoutthatinformalrolesareuniquetofamilies

D.Toemphasizethevalueofinformalrolestoagroup

答案:

1.C 

2.D

Themanypartoftheearth’satmospherearelinkedwiththevariouspartsoftheearth’ssurfacetoproduceawhole---theclimatesystem.Differentpartsoftheearth’ssurfacereacttotheenergyofthesunindifferentways.Forexample,iceandsnowreflectmuchofit.Landsurfacesabsorbsolarenergyandheatuprapidly.Oceansstoretheenergywithoutexperiencingasignificanttemperaturerise.Thus,thedifferenttypesofsurfacestransferheatintotheatmosphereatdifferentrates.

Wecanviewclimateasexistinginthreedomains:

space,time,andhumanperception.Inthedomainofspace,wecanstudylocal,regional,andglobalclimates.Intime,wecanlookattheclimateforayear,adecade,amillennium,andsoforth.Finally,wedependonourperceptionsofthedata,sowemustincludeourownhumanperceptionintoourmodel.Humanperceptionmustbeincludedifourunderstandingofclimaticprocessesistobetranslatedintosocietalactions.Asasociety,wemakeinformedchoicesabouthowtousethebeneficialeffectsofclimate,suchasdecidingwhenandwheretoplantcrops.Wealsomakechoicesabouthowtominimizetheharmfuleffectsofclimate---storms,blizzards,anddroughts.

1.Whydoestheauthordiscussdifferentpartsoftheearth’ssurfaceinparagraph1?

A.Toexplainwhyhumansliveinsomepartsbutnotinothers

B.Toshowthattheentireearthismadeofthesamematerials

C.Tocomparehowvarioussurfacestransferheatintotheatmosphere

D.Todescribechangesintheearth’sappearancethroughouttheyear.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whymustweincludehumanperceptioninourstudyofclimate?

A.Wemustinterpretdataandtakeactionsrelatedtoclimate

B.Wemustcreateaninterestingmodeloftheclimatesystem

C.Wemustdevelopanunderstandingofourenvironment

D.Wemustchangeourtraditionalwaysofstudyingclimate.

（思考）3.Readthesentencebelowandwriteanessaywhichwillhaveaminimumof100words.

Ourunderstandingofclimaticprocessesistobetranslatedintosocietalactions.

答案：

１.Ｃ　　２.Ａ

Severalmenhavebeenresponsibleforpromotingforestryasaprofession.ForemostwasGiffordPinchot,thefatheroftheprofessionalforestryinAmerica.HewaschiefoftheForestServicefrom1898until1910,workingwithPresidentTheodoreRoosevelttoinstigatesoundconservationpracticesinforests.LaterhewasprofessorofforestryandfounderofthePinchotSchoolofForestryatYaleUniversity.AnothergreatforesterwasDr.BernardE.Fernow,thefirstheadoftheU.S.ForestService.HeorganizedthefirstAmericanschoolofprofessionalforestryatCornellUniversity.

Theforestersoftoday,likePinchotandFernowinthepast,planandsupervisethegrowth,protection,andutilizationoftrees.Theymakemapsofforestareas,estimatetheamountofstandingtimberandfuturegrowth,andmanagetimbersales.Theyalsoprotectthetreesfromfire,harmfulinsects,anddisease.Someforestersmayberesponsibleforotherduties,rangingfromwildlifeprotectionandwatershedmanagementtothedevelopmentandsupervisionofcamps,parks,andgrazinglands.Others