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北京四中期中)
Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthebaddistinctionbysettinguppaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.
TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofmerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“governmentrunpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent(先例)”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroduceworkfamilybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.
AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefining(定义)thefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.Parentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:
thereis“noexit”whenitestochildren.Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.
Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpunishmentsfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutimportanttothefutureofsociety.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;
really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(累积)tothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbeetomorrow’scitizens.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney,isequalto20-30%ofGDP.Iftheseinvestmentsbringhugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.
1.WhatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleaveaccordingtoParagraph1?
A.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.
B.SettingupthispolicymadeAustralialessinfluential.
C.IthasnowbeeahottopicintheUnitedStates.
D.NosuchpolicyisappliedintheUnitedStates.
2.WhatmakesithardtotakeworkfamilybalancemeasuresintheStates?
A.TheinpetenceoftheDemocrats.
B.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.
C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.
D.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.
3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott’sargumentforparentalsupport?
A.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.
B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.
C.Thecostofraisingchildrenhasbeengrowing.
D.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.
4.Whyistheauthoragainstclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?
A.Parentingisregardedasamoralduty.
B.Parentingrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.
C.Parentingproduceshugemoralbenefits.
D.Parentingisbasicallyasocialundertaking.
Ⅱ.完形填空
广西桂林九校联合)
A17yearoldgirlfoundlivinginaGeorgiahomeafterbeingmissingformorethanayearisnowsafeatherNorthCarolinahomewithherfamily.ButhermothertoldlocalTVstationWOSCthatherdaughterisnotthesame.“Thereare5inmydaughter,”ShaunnaBurnssaid.“Sheisnotthesamepersonthat6andthatisthehardestpartofthis.”
Haileywas7missingonMay23,xx,whowas14yearsold,aftershewalkedoutofherhome8tellinganyonewhereshewasgoing,WOSCreports.AfterHaileywent9,herfamilysaidshehadrunawaywithamanshemetonline.“He10hertolistentohimandnottofollowour11andthenmydaughterwasn’tmunicatingwithme,”herfathertoldWBTV.
OnJune24,Hailey’sparentswere12thattheirdaughterwasinDuluth,Georgia.Hourslater,shewas13byfederalagentsandtakentoalocal14beforebeingreturnedtoher15,accordingtoFBIofficials.
MichaelRenWysolovski,31,wasarrestedatthe16.Hesupposedlysharedthe17withHailey,whoappearedtobephysically18exceptforweightloss,accordingtotheFBI.Wysolovskihasbeen19withfalseimprisonmentand20tochildren.
OnMonday,Hailey’sfathersharedthefamily’s21onsocialmedia.“Iwokeuptodaycryingandbeing22forthemiraclethathashappenedinourlives,”AnthonyBurnswroteonFacebook.“Wenever23.Sheishappytobehome.Wecannow24again.”
5.A.storiesB.changes
C.difficultiesD.wonders
6.A.leftB.worked
C.roseD.remembered
7.A.witnessedB.found
C.doubtedD.denied
8.A.afterB.since
C.besidesD.without
9.A.wrongB.impatien