奥巴马就职演讲里引用的林肯的名句Word文件下载.docx
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therehasneverbeenanyreasonablecauseforsuchapprehension.indeed,themostampleevidencetothecontraryhasallthewhileexistedandbeenopentotheirinspection.itisfoundinnearlyallthepublishedspeechesofhimwhonowaddressesyou.idobutquotefromoneofthosespeecheswhenideclarethat--ihavenopurpose,directlyorindirectly,tointerferewiththeinstitutionofslaveryinthestateswhereitexists.ibelieveihavenolawfulrighttodoso,andihavenoinclinationtodoso.thosewhonominatedandelectedmedidsowithfullknowledgethatihadmadethisandmanysimilardeclarationsandhadneverrecantedthem;
andmorethanthis,theyplacedintheplatformformyacceptance,andasalawtothemselvesandtome,theclearandemphaticresolutionwhichinowread:
resolved,thatthemaintenanceinviolateoftherightsofthestates,andespeciallytherightofeachstatetoorderandcontrolitsowndomesticinstitutionsaccordingtoitsownjudgmentexclusively,isessentialtothatbalanceofpoweronwhichtheperfectionandenduranceofourpoliticalfabricdepend;
andwedenouncethelawlessinvasionbyarmedforceofthesoilofanystateorterritory,nomatterwhatpretext,asamongthegravestofcrimes.
unanimityframeandpassalawbymeansofwhichtokeepgoodthatunanimousoath?
thereissomedifferenceofopinionwhetherthisclauseshouldbeenforcedbynationalorbystateauthority,butsurelythatdifferenceisnotaverymaterialone.iftheslaveistobesurrendered,itcanbeofbutlittleconsequencetohimortoothersbywhichauthorityitisdone.andshouldanyoneinanycasebecontentthathisoathshallgounkeptonamerelyunsubstantialcontroversyastohowitshallbekept?
again:
inanylawuponthissubjectoughtnotallthesafeguardsoflibertyknownincivilizedandhumanejurisprudencetobeintroduced,sothatafreemanbenotinanycasesurrenderedasaslave?
andmightitnotbewellatthesametimetoprovidebylawfortheenforcementofthatclauseintheconstitutionwhich
guaranteesthatthecitizensofeachstateshallbeentitledtoallprivilegesandimmunitiesofcitizensintheseveralstates?
itaketheofficialoathto-daywithnomentalreservationsandwithnopurposetoconstruetheconstitutionorlawsbyanyhypercriticalrules;
andwhileidonotchoosenowtospecifyparticularactsofcongressaspropertobeenforced,idosuggestthatitwillbemuchsaferforall,bothinofficialandprivatestations,toconformtoandabidebyallthoseactswhichstandunrepealedthantoviolateanyofthemtrustingtofindimpunityinhavingthemheldtobeunconstitutional.itisseventy-twoyearssincethefirstinaugurationofapresidentunderournationalconstitution.duringthatperiodfifteendifferentandgreatlydistinguishedcitizenshaveinsuccession
administeredtheexecutivebranchofthegovernment.theyhaveconducteditthroughmanyperils,andgenerallywithgreatsuccess.
yet,withallthisscopeofprecedent,inowenteruponthesametaskforthebriefconstitutionaltermoffouryearsundergreatandpeculiardifficulty.adisruptionofthefederalunion,heretoforeonlymenaced,isnowformidably
attempted.iholdthatincontemplationofuniversallawandoftheconstitutiontheunionofthesestatesisperpetual.perpetuityisimplied,ifnotexpressed,inthefundamentallawofallnationalgovernments.itissafetoassertthatnogovernmentpropereverhadaprovisioninitsorganiclawforitsowntermination.continuetoexecutealltheexpressprovisionsofournationalconstitution,andtheunionwillendureforever,itbeingimpossibletodestroyitexceptbysomeactionnotprovidedforintheinstrumentitself.again:
iftheunitedstatesbenotagovernmentproper,butanassociationofstatesinthenatureofcontractmerely,canit,asacontract,bepeaceablyunmadebylessthanallthepartieswhomadeit?
onepartytoacontractmayviolateit--breakit,sotospeak--butdoesitnotrequirealltolawfullyrescindit?
descendingfromthesegeneralprinciples,wefindthepropositionthatinlegalcontemplationtheunionisperpetualconfirmedbythehistoryoftheunionitself.theunionismucholderthantheconstitution.
itwasformed,infact,bythearticlesofassociationin1774.itwasmaturedandcontinuedbythedeclarationofindependencein1776.itwasfurthermatured,andthefaithofallthethenthirteenstatesexpresslyplightedandengagedthatitshouldbeperpetual,bythearticlesofconfederationin1778.andfinally,in1787,oneofthedeclaredobjectsforordainingandestablishingtheconstitutionwastoformamoreperfectunion.butifdestructionoftheunionbyoneorbyapartonlyofthestatesbelawfullypossible,theunionislessperfectthanbeforetheconstitution,