华中师大《语用与交际》答疑题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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8.Inanalyzingtheindeterminacy,howshallweseekthehelpofcontext,givingrisetothemeaningofit?
9.Pleaseexplainconceptandknowledgeoflinguisticcontext,non-linguisticcontextandroleandfunctionofcontext.
10.Pleaseexplaintheoriginandconceptofdeixiswithexample.
11.Pleaseexplicitlyillustratetherelationshipbetweencontextanddeixis.
12.What’sthetraditionalcategoriesofdeixis?
13.Whatarethepragmaticfunctionsofpersondeixis,andthethreegroupsofpronominalpronouns?
14.Pleasepointoutadistinctionbetweengesturaluseandsymbolicuseofplacedeixis.
15.Pleasedistinguishthedeicticandnon-deicticusesofplacedeixis.
16.Pleasegiveusarevisionandsummaryofdeixis.
17.Givetheconceptandknowledgeofconversationalimplicature.
18.What’sthedistinctionofimplicatureandimplication.
19.Tellthesignificanceofthenotionofimplicature.
20.Tellthedistinctionbetweenconversationalmeaningandconventionalmeaning.
21.Giveabriefintroductiontotheco-operativeprinciple.
22.Canconventionalimplicaturesbesharedbyallcultures?
23.Pleasegiveadetailedintroductionofco-operativeprinciple.
24.Whatarefourco-operativemaxims?
25.Explainimplicaturesoffollowingco-operativeprinciplesanditsmaxims.
26.Howdopeopleviolatethesecondsub-maximofquantity?
27.Whatarethefivefeaturesofconversationalimplicature?
28.Pleaseexplainthefeatureofcancellability.
29.Pleasetellyourunderstandingofthepolitenessprinciple
30.Whatarethreeimportantfeaturesofpoliteness?
31.Anduseexampletoillustratethethreeproperties.
32.WhatdoyouthinkistherelationshipbetweenCPandPP?
33.Pleasedefinethenotionofface.
34.Whatarepositivefaceandnegativeface?
35.Generallyspeaking,howshallwebeawareofpeople'
sfacewantsinverbalcommunication?
36.What’sthegeneralfunctionofthepropertiesofpolitenessprinciple?
37.Giveussomerevisionandreinforcementworkonconversationalimplicature(CI)
38.Whatispresupposition?
39.Whatissemanticpresupposition?
40.Whataresemanticpresuppositiontriggers?
PleasegiveusexamplesaccordingtoKarttunen’stheory.
41.Pleasegiveusageneralintroductiontotheprojectionproblem.
42.Explainthedistinctionbetweensemanticpresuppositionandpragmaticpresupposition.
43.Pleaseillustratetheoriginandknowledgeofspeechacts.
44.PleasepointoutAustin'
sdistinctionbetweenconstativesandperformatives.Andwhatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthepreviousdistinction?
45.Illustratedifferenttypesperfomatives.
46.Explainexplicitperformativesandimplicitperformatives.
47.PleasediscussAustin'
sdivisionoffivetypesofperfomatives.
48.TellyourunderstandingofSearle'
sdevelopmentofspeechacts
《语用与交际》答疑题答案:
1.Morris’earlydefinition:
Syntactics:
Syntacticsisthestudyof"
theformalrelationsofsignstooneanother"
.
Semantics:
Semanticsisthestudyof"
therelationsofsignstotheobjectstowhichthesignsareapplicable"
.
Pragmatics:
Pragmaticsisthestudyof"
therelationofsignstointerpreters"
(interpretersofsignsbeingused).
Hisexpandingdefinition
SomepragmatistssuggestthatwereplaceMorris'
sterm,'
sign'
withanotherterm'
linguisticunit'
whichappliestomorphemes,phrases,andsentences.Withthischange,syntaxmayberedefinedas"
thestudyoftheformalrelationsoflinguisticunitstooneanother,andthegrammaticalstructuresofphrasesandsentencesthatresultfromthesegrammaticalrelations"
;
semanticscanberedefinedas"
thestudyoftherelationoflinguisticunitstotheworldtowhichtheyarereferring"
andpragmaticsasthe"
studyoftherelationoflinguisticunitstotheirusers"
2.IfweconsidercarefullyCarnap'
sviewoftakingpragmaticsasthe"
investigationmakingreferencetousersofthelanguage"
weshallfindthatitistoonarrowbecausethisdefinitionneglectsotherdeicticphenomenoninlanguageuseindicatingplace(e.g.hereandthere)andtime(e.g.nowandthen).
Liketheinterpretationofthewords"
I"
intheexamplethatreliesontheidentificationofparti