大学英语六级分类模拟题468Word文档格式.docx
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90分钟)
一、PartⅠReadingComprehension(总题数:
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二、SectionA(总题数:
1,分数:
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NormanBorlaug:
Fatherofthe"
GreenRevolution"
A.FewpeoplehavequietlychangedtheworldforthebettermorethanthisruralladfromthemidwesternstateofIowaintheUnitedStates.ThemaninfocusisNormanBorlaug,theFatherofthe"
GreenRevolution"
whodiedonSeptember12,2009atage95.NormanBorlaugspentmostofhis60workingyearsinthefarmlandsofMexico,SouthAsiaandlaterinAfrica,fightingworldhunger,andsavingbysomeestimatesuptoabillionlivesintheprocess.Anachievement,fitforaNobelPeacePrize.
EarlyYears
B."
I"
maproductofthegreatdepression"
ishowBorlaugdescribedhimself.Agreat-grandsonofNorwegianimmigrantstotheUnitedStates,Borlaugwasbornin1914andgrewuponasmallfarminthenortheasterncomerofIowainatowncalledCresco.Hisfamilyhada40-hectare(公顷)farmonwhichtheygrewwheat,maize(玉米)andhayandraisedpigsandcattle.Normanspentmostofhistimefromage7-17onthefarm,evenasheattendedaone-room,one-teacherschoolatNewOregoninHowardCounty.
C.Borlaugdidn"
thavemoneytogotocollege.ButthroughaGreatDepressioneraprogramme,knownastheNationalYouthAdministration,BorlaugwasabletoenrollintheUniversityofMinnesotaatMinneapolistostudyforestry.HeexcelledinstudiesandreceivedhisPh.D.inplantpathology(病理学)andgeneticsin1942.From1942to1944,BorlaugwasemployedasamicrobiologistatDuPontinWilmington.However,followingtheDecember7,1941attackonPearlHarbor,Borlaugtriedtojointhemilitary,butwasrejectedunderwartimelabourregulations.
InMexico
D.In1944,manyexpertswarnedofmassstarvationindevelopingnationswherepopulationswereexpandingfasterthancropproduction.BorlaugbeganworkataRockefellerFoundation-fundedprojectinMexicotoincreasewheatproductionbydevelopinghigher-yieldingvarietiesofthecrop.Itinvolvedresearchingenetics,plantbreeding,plantpathology,entomology(昆虫学),agronomy(农艺学),soilscience,andcerealtechnology.ThegoaloftheprojectwastoboostwheatproductioninMexico,whichatthetimewasimportingalargeportionofitsgrain.BorlaugsaidthathisfirstcoupleofyearsinMexicoweredifficult.Helackedtrainedscientistsandequipment.Nativefarmerswerehostiletowardsthewheatprogrammebecauseofseriouscroplossesfrom1939to1941duetostemrust.
E.WheatvarietiesthatBorlaugworkedwithhadtall,thinstalks.Whiletallerwheatcompetedbetterforsunlight,theyhadatendencytocollapseundertheweightofextragrain—atraitcalledlodging.Toovercomethis,Borlaugworkedonbreedingwheatwithshorterandstrongerstalks,whichcouldholdonlargerseedheads.Borlaug"
snewsemi-dwarf,disease-resistantvarieties,calledPitic62andPenjamo62,changedthepotentialyieldofMexicanwheatdramatically.By1963wheatproductioninMexicostoodsixtimesmorethanthatof1944.
GreenRevolutioninIndia
F.Duringthe1960s,SouthAsiaexperiencedseveredroughtconditionandIndiahadbeenimportingwheatonalargescalefromtheUnitedStates.BorlaugcametoIndiain1963alongwithDr.RobertAndersontoduplicatehisMexicansuccessinthesub-continent.Theexperimentsbeganwithplantingafewofthehigh-yieldingvarietystrainsinthefieldsoftheIndianAgriculturalResearchInstituteatPusainNewDelhi,underthesupervisionofDr.M.S.Swaminathan.ThesestrainsweresubsequentlyplantedintestplotsatLudhiana,Pantnagar,Kanpur,PuneandIndore.Theresultswerepromising,butlarge-scalesuccess,however,wasnotinstant.CulturaloppositiontonewagriculturaltechniquesinitiallypreventedBorlaugfromgoingaheadwithplantingofnewwheatstrainsinIndia.By1965,whenthedroughtsituationturnedalarming,theGovernmenttooktheleadandallowedwheatrevolutiontomoveforward.ByemployingagriculturaltechniqueshedevelopedinMexico,BorlaugwasabletonearlydoubleSouthAsianwheatharvestsbetween1965and1970.
G.IndiasubsequentlymadeahugecommitmenttoMexicanwheat,importingsome18,000tonnesofseed.By1968,itwasclearthattheIndianwheatharvestwasnothingshortofrevolutionary.Itwassoproductivethattherewasashortageoflabourtoharvestit,ofbullcartstohaulittothethreshingfloor(打谷场),ofjute(黄麻)bagstostoreit.Localgovernmentsinsomeareaswereforcedtoshutdownschoolstemporarilytousethemasstorehouses.
H.UnitedNation"
sFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)observedthatin40yearsbetween1961and2001,"
Indiamorethandoubleditspopulation,from452milliontomorethan1billion.Atthesametime,itnearlytripleditsgrainproductionfrom87milliontonnesto231milliontonnes.Itaccomplishedthisfeatwhilein