研究生国际交流英语视听说3听力原文Word文档下载推荐.docx

研究生国际交流英语视听说3听力原文Word文档下载推荐.docx

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A|&

B|

OK,sotodaywe’regoingtocontinueonthetopicofhowchildrenaresocialized.We’llbelookingatgendersocialization—inotherwords,how,howchildrenlearntheirgenderroles.Genderissomethingthatwelearn—firstfromourparents,thenfromourpeers,fromschool,andfromtheculturewelivein.OK,let’sstartwithourparents.Generally,ourgenderrolesareprettycleartousbythetimewe’rearoundthreeyearsold.Sohowdowe,howdowelearntheserolessoquickly?

Well,onewayissimplybywhatourparentssaytous.Parentsgivefemalechildrenalotofcomplimentsonhowtheylook—ontheirappearance,right?

Wesaythingslike,“Whataprettygirl!

”or“That’sanicedressyou’rewearing.”Girlsmightgetcomplimentsonotherthings,too,butthey,theysoonlearnthatbeingfemininehassomethingtodowithbeingattractiveorpretty,right?

Boys,incontrast,arecomplimentedonwhattheydo.Wesaythingslike,“LookhowfastlittleTimmycanrun!

Goodforyou,Timmy!

”Soovertime,boyslearnthatbeing,beingmasculinehassomethingtodowiththeirbehaviourandwithbeingactive.

Ourpeers,whenwe’rechildren—girlsandboysaroundthesameageasweare—alsoteachusaboutgenderroles,andsometimesthey’renotveryniceaboutthiseither.Theymakefunofchildrenwhoaren’tfollowingtherules.Canyourememberkidsfromyourchildhoodwhodidn’tfollowthegenderrules?

Schoolscontinue,schoolscontinuetheprocessofgendersocialization.Someschoolshaveseparateclassesforgirlsandboys,and,um,ofcourseschooluniformsaredifferent—pantsforboys,andskirtsordressesforgirls.Finally,thecultureweliveinhasalottoteachusaboutgenderroles.

C|

Asyouknow,oneofthefirstquestionswhenababyisbornis,“Isitaboyoragirl?

”Wethinkit’simportanttoknowthisbecausewhenchildrengrowup,theirroleintheworlddependsontheirgender—atleasttosomedegree.Butnowadays,genderrolesarechanging,andbesides,therehavealwaysbeenafewpeoplewhoarenotaverage,whodonotfollowtheusualgenderpattern.

OnepersonfromhistorywhodidnotfollowherusualgenderrolewasHatshepsut.Around150yearsbeforeTutankhamenruledancientEgyptaspharaoh,orking,Hatshepsutruledfor21yearsasthefemalekingofEgypt.That’sright—femaleking,becausetherewasnosuchthingasaqueenasleader.Afewwomenhadfilledtheroleofleaderwhentheirsonsweretooyoungtorule,butHatshepsutstayedinpowerevenafterherstepson,TutmoseIII,wasoldenoughtorule.Andsheaccomplishedalotwhileshewasking!

UpanddowntheNileRiverwecanstillseethemonumentsandbuildingsthatwereconstructedorrepairedwhileHatshepsutwasking.Itseemsthatshedidnotwanttobeforgotten.

Besidesthebuildingsandmonuments,wehavealotofartfromthetimeofHatshepsut.Andwhat’sinterestingisthatatfirst,Hatshepsutisshownwithfemalecharacteristics—shewasclearlyawoman,butwiththeclothingandsymbolsofaking.Forexample,inonestatue,sheisseatedandhasthebodyofawomanbutiswearingtheheaddressofaking.Inlateryears,weseethereverse.Allofthelaterartworkshowsherasaman,withmalecharacteristics.We’renotsurewhyHatshepsuthadherartistsdothis,butitmayhavehelpedhertokeeppower.ItmighthavebeeneasierforEgyptianstoacceptamanasking—oratleastsomeonewholookedlikeaman.

Listening2

AConversationBetweenClassmates

A|

Mia:

Hey,Dylan!

Longtime,nosee!

Dylan:

Yeah,it’sbeenages!

Iwasgoneallsummer.Ihadajobworkingformyuncle,soIstayedwithhiminTorontofortwomonths.Whataboutyou,Mia?

How’veyoubeen?

Great!

IjustspentthetimerightherebecauseIwastakingacourseinsummerschool.Iwanttograduateearly.

Wow,you’rereallyworkinghard!

So,...Whatdoyouthinkaboutthisclasswe’rein?

Oh,Ithinkit’sgoingtobegreat!

It’ssuchaninterestingtopic—“GenderandSociology”.

Hmmph.Isuppose.IcanseethatProfessorHenleyisveryknowledgeableonthesubject.ButIcanalsoseethatIdisagreewithheraboutalotofthings.

Suchas...?

B|

Well,Ithinksomejobsjustaren’tgoodforwomenlikefirefightersforinstance.

What?

Youthinkwomenaren’tbraveenoughorsomething?

Hey,Ineversaidthat!

But,well,theyaren’tasstrong—physically,Imean.Doyouthinkawomancouldcarrymeoutofaburningbuilding?

Comeon,everyoneknowsmenarestrongerthanwomen.

Ha!

So,youthinkyou’restrongerthanthefemaleathletesintheOlympics,justbecauseyou’reaman?

Well,no,ofcoursenot...

Thenyoucan’tsaythatallmenarestrongerthanallwomen.Here,letmedrawyouagraph...

What’sthat?

It’sfro