英语文献综述描述研究现状Word文件下载.docx

英语文献综述描述研究现状Word文件下载.docx

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Smith,1994）

Numerousstudieshaveattemptedtoexplain....（forexample,Smith,1996;

Kelly,1998;

Johnson,2002）

Recentevidence 

suggests 

that....（Smith,1996;

Jones1999;

Johnson,2001）

Recently,invitrostudies 

haveshown 

thatT.thermophylusEFTucan....（Pateletal.,1997;

Jonesetal.,1998）.

SurveyssuchasthatconductedbySmith（1988） 

haveshownthat 

....

Severalattempts 

havebeenmade 

to....（Smith,1996;

Severalstudies 

haverevealed 

thatitisnotjustXthatactson.....（Smith,1996;

Jones....

SeveralbiographiesofHarris 

havebeenpublished.Smithpresentsan....account,whilstJones....

SeveralstudiesinvestigatingX 

havebeencarriedout 

on....

Datafromseveralsources 

haveidentified 

theincreasedmorbidityandmortalityassociatedwithobesity

Previousstudies 

havereported 

....（Smith,1985;

Jones,1987;

Johnson,1992）.

PreviousresearchfindingsintoX 

havebeen 

inconsistentandcontradictory 

（Smith,1996;

Jones1999,....

Anumberofstudies 

havefound 

that....（Smith,2003;

Jones,2004）.

Twentycohortstudyanalyseshaveexaminedtherelationshipbetween.... 

Atleast152case-controlstudiesworldwidehaveexaminedtherelationshipbetween..... 

Otherstudieshaveconsideredtherelationship....

TherelationshipbetweenXandY 

hasbeenwidelyinvestigated 

（Smith,1985;

Jones,1987,....

ThecausesofXhavebeenwidely 

investigated 

（Jones,1987;

Smith,1994）.

ThegeologyofX 

hasbeenaddressed 

inseveralsmall-scaleinvestigationsand.....

Xs 

havebeenidentifiedas 

majorcontributingfactorsforthedeclineofmanyspecies

（1）. 

X 

hasalsobeenshown 

toreversetheanti-inflammatoryeffectsofglucocorticoidsinmurine-inducedarthritis（11）.

Ithasbeensuggested 

thatlevelsofXareindependentofthesizeoftheY（Smithetal.,1995）

It 

has 

conclusivelybeenshownthat 

XandYincreaseZ（Smithetal.,1999;

Jones,2001....

hasbeendemonstrated 

thatahighintakeofXresultsindamageto....（Smith,1998;

....

Referencetocurrentstateofknowledge

Arelationshipexistsbetweenanindividual'

sworkingmemoryandtheirabilityto......（Jonesetal.,1998）. 

GMvarietiesofmaizeareabletocross-pollinatewithnon-GMvarieties（Smith,1998;

Jones,1999）. 

Thereisanunambiguousrelationshipbetweenspendingoneducationandeconomicdevelopment（Rao,1998）.

XisoneofthemostintensereactionsfollowingCHD（Lane,2003）.

MIFhasbeenfoundtoopposetheanti-inflammatoryactionsofXonY（Alourfi,2004）.

Referencetosingleinvestigationsinthepast:

researcher（s）assentencesubject

Smith（1999）

found 

that 

aslevelsofliteracyandeducationofthepopulationrise....

showed 

thatreducingXto190oCdecreased....（seefigure2）.

demonstrated 

thatwhenthemaximumtemperatureisexceeded....

Jonesetal.（2001）

thedifferentialimpactofformalandnon-formaleducationon....

analysed 

thedatafrom72countriesandconcludedthat....

reviewed 

theliteraturefromtheperiodandfoundlittleevidenceforthisclaim.

interviewed 

250undergraduatestudentsusingsemi-structuredquestionnaires.

studied 

theeffectsofCytochromeP450onunprotectednervecells.

performed 

asimilarseriesofexperimentsinthe1960stoshowthat....

carriedout 

anumberofinvestigationsintothe....

conducted 

aseriesoftrials 

inwhich 

hemixedXwithdifferentquantitiesof....

measured 

bothcomponentsofthe....

labelled 

thesesubsetsas....

examined 

theflowofinternationalstudents....

identified 

parentsofdisabledchildrenas.... 

used 

asurveytoassessthevarious 

Wangetal.（2004） 

haverecentlydeveloped 

amethodologyfortheselectiveintroductionof......

Referencetosingleinvestigationsorpublicationsinthepast:

timeframeprominent

In1975,Smithetal. 

published 

apaper 

theydescribed.... 

In1990Pateletal. 

thatreplacementofH2Owithheavywaterledto....

Thirtyyearslater,Smith（1974） 

reported 

threecasesofCandidaAlbicanswhich....

Inthe1950s