最新届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1新人教版必修1 精品Word格式文档下载.docx

最新届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1新人教版必修1 精品Word格式文档下载.docx

《最新届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1新人教版必修1 精品Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《最新届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1新人教版必修1 精品Word格式文档下载.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

A

EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault（断层），whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?

BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812，threemajorearthquakesoccurred，allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid，Missouri，ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce，andhugecracksopenedintheground，releasingsomestrongsmellchemicals.

TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacter，developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools（激流和漩涡）.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse，andonce，accordingtosomeobservers，itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakes，probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811；

buttheseverityoftheearthquakeswasshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston，SouthCarolina，onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity，andclockswerestoppedinWashington，D.C.

ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontal（水平的）boundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthetwomassesmakeasuddenmove.

TheNewMadridfault，ontheotherhand，isaverticalfault；

atsomepoint，possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago，rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface，probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly，thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed，leavinghugecracks.Evennow，therockcontinuestosettledownwards，andsuddensinkingmotionscauseearthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself，alargecrackinthislayerofrock，withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit，extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois.

ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811；

thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming，butthescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.theNewMadridfaultB.theSanAndreas

C.thecausesoffaultsD.currentscientificknowledgeaboutfaults

2.WhichofthefollowingpicturesbestdescribesthetypeoftheNewMadridfault?

3.Thispassageimpliesthat.

A.horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanverticalfaults

B.verticalfaultsaremoredangerousthanhorizontalfaults

C.alotofpeoplewoulddieifthe1811NewMadridearthquakeshappenedtoday

D.thevolcanoesthatcausedtheNewMadridfaultarestillalive

【语篇解读】本文通过历史回顾和科学分析，提醒人们多关注NewMadrid地区频繁的地震。

1.A主旨大意题。

由本文第一段的最后一句话“ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri？

”可知。

2.B细节理解题。

由本文第四段和第五段内容可以判断TheSanAndreasfault是水平地震，而TheNewMadridfault是垂直地震，所以B项正确。

3.C推理判断题。

本文无A、B两项相关内容；

根据第五段中第二句“Suddenly，thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed，leavinghugecracks.Evennow，therockcontinuestosettledownwards...”可以排除D项；

根据第三段第三句“FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakes，probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811...”可以推测答案为C。

B

ApowerfulearthquakestruckthenortheasterncoastofJapanat2：

46p.m.localtimeonMarch11th，2018.Japan’sMeteorologicalAgencyreleaseditsfirsttsunamiwarningsjustthreeminuteslater.Thecountryhasoneofthebestearthquakeearlywarningsystemsintheworld.

Thereareover4，000SeismicIntensityMeters（地震烈度测量仪）inplacethroughoutJapantomeasureearthquakeactivity.Thesemetersprovideinformationwithintwominutesofanearthquakehappening.Informationaboutthestrengthandthecenteroftheearthquakecanbelearnedwithinthreeminutes.TherearealsoconcreteseawallsaroundmuchoftheJapanesecoastline.Butthesemeasuresprovednomatchforthepowerfulearthquakeandtsunami.

CastasSynolakisisatsunamiexpertinLosAngeles.Hesays，“Japanisoneofthosemostwell-preparedcountriesonearthintermsoftsunamiwarning.Theyhadawarning.Ithinkwhatwentwrongisthattheyhadnotanticipatedthesizeofthisevent.”

Hesaystherearetworeasonsforthis.Japanhasnothadanyeventanywherenearasbigasthisoneinthelast150years.AndscientistshadnotexpectedsuchalargeearthquakehappeningoffthecoastofJapan.

The9.0-magnitudeearthquakewasthe4thmostpowerfulearthquakeeverrecordedworldwide.ItwasalsotheworstearthquakeevertohitJapan.Thetsunamiwavesthatfollowedwerereportedtohavereachedashighas13metersinsomeareas.

CostasSynolakissaysJapan’sconcreteseawallswerenotbuilttohandlesuchhighwaves.Atsunamiwavecantravelasfastas800kilometersperhour.Togettohighergroundpeoplewouldoftenhave