新概念分类背诵选文Word格式.docx

新概念分类背诵选文Word格式.docx

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certainlyitismoredifficultthantheartswhichinvolveappreciationofflatforms,shapeinonlytwodimensions.Manymorepeopleare'

form-blind'

thancolour-blind.Thechildlearningtosee,firstdistinguishesonlytwo-dimensionalshape;

itcannotjudgedistances,depths.Later,foritspersonalsafetyandpracticalneeds,ithastodevelop（partlybymeansoftouch）theabilitytojudgeroughlythree-dimensonaldistances.Buthavingsatisfiedtherequirementsofpracticalnecessity,mostpeoplegonofurther.Thoughtheymayattainconsiderableaccuracyintheperceptionofflatfrom,theydonomakethefurther.Thoughtheymayattainconsiderableaccuracyintheperceptionofflatform,theydonotmakethefurtherintellectualandemotionaleffortneededtocomprehendforminitsfullspatialexistence.

Thisiswhatthesculptormustdo.Hemuststrivecontinuallytothinkof,anduse,forminitsfullspatialcompleteness.Hegetsthesolidshape,asitwere,insidehishead-hethinksofit,whateveritssize,asifhewereholdingitcompletelyenclosedinthehollowofhishand.Hementallyvisualizesacomplexformfromallrounditself;

heknowswhilehelooksatonesidewhattheothersideislike,heidentifieshimselfwithitscentreofgravity,itsmass,itsweight;

herealizesitsvolume,asthespacethattheshapedisplacesintheair.

Andthesensitiveobserverofsculpturemustalsolearntofeelshapesimplyasshape,notasdescriptionorreminiscence.Hemust,forexample,perceiveaneggasasimplesinglesolidshape,quiteapartfromitssignificanceasfood,orfromtheliteraryideathatitwillbecomeabird.Andsowithsolidssuchasashell,anut,aplum,apear,atadpole,amushroom,amountainpeak,akidney,acarrot,atree-trunk,abird,abud,alark,aladybird,abulrush,abone.Fromthesehecangoontoappreciatemorecomplexformsofcombinationsofseveralforms.

对雕塑的鉴赏力取决于对立体的反应能力。

雕塑被说成是所有艺术中最难的艺术，可能就是这个道理。

欣赏雕塑品当然比欣赏平面的艺术品要难。

“形盲”的人数比“色盲”的人数要多得多。

正在学看东西的儿童起初只会分辨二维形态，不会判断距离和深度。

慢慢地，由于自身安全和实际需要，儿童必须发展（部分通过触觉）粗略判断三维空间距离的能力。

但是。

大部分人在满足了实际需要后，就不再继续发展这种能力了。

虽然他们对平面形的感觉能达到相当准确的程度，但他们没有在智力和感情上进一步努力去理解存在于空间的整个形态。

而雕塑家就必须做到这一点。

他必须勤于想像并且利用形体在空间中的完整性。

可以说，当他想像一个物体时，不管其大小如何，他脑子里得到的是一个立体的概念，就好像完全握在自己手心里一样。

他的大脑能从物体周围的各个角度勾画出其复杂的形象，他看物体的一边时，便知道另一边是个什么样子。

他把自身和物体重心、质量、重量融为一体。

他能意识到物体的体积，那就是它的形状有空气中所占的空间。

因此，敏锐的雕塑观赏者也必须学会把形体作为形体来感觉，不要靠描述和印象去想象。

以鸟蛋为例。

观赏者必须感觉到它是一个单一的实体形态，而完全不靠它的食用意义或它会变成鸟这样的文字概念来感觉。

对于其他实体，如，贝壳、核桃、李子、梨子、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、肾脏、胡萝卜、树干、鸟儿、花蕾、云雀、瓢虫、芦苇以及骨头也应这样来感觉。

从这些形体出发，观赏者可进一步观察更为复杂的形体或若干形体的组合。

Lesson39Whateverywriterwants作家之所需

Ihaveknownveryfewwriters,butthoseIhaveknown,andwhomIrespect,confessatoncethattheyhavelittleideawheretheythearegoingwhentheyfirstsetpentopaper.Theyhaveacharacter,perhapstwo;

theyareinthatconditionofeagerdiscomfortwhichpassesforinspiration;

alladmitradicalchangesofdestinationoncethejourneyhasbegun;

one,tomycertainknowledge,spentninemonthsonanovelaboutKashmir,thenresetthewholethingintheScottishHighlands.Ineverheardofanyonemakinga'

skeleton'

asweweretaughtatschool.Inthebreakingandremaking,inthetiming,interweaving,beginningafresh,thewritercomestodiscernthingsinhismaterialwhichwerenotconsciouslyinhismindwhenhebegan.Thisorganicprocess,oftenleadingtomomentsofextraordinaryself-discovery,isofanindescribablefascination.Ablurredimageappears;

headdsabrushstrokeandanother,anditisgone;

butsomethingwasthere,andhewillnotresttillhehascapturedit.Sometimestheyeastwithinawriteroutlivesabookhehaswritten.Ihaveheardofwriterswhoreadnothingbuttheirownbooks;

likeadolescentstheystandbeforethemirror,andstillcannotfathomtheexactoutlineofthevisionbeforethem.Forthesamereason,writerstalkinterminablyabouttheirownbooks,winklingouthiddenmeanings,super-imposingnewones,beggingresponsefromthosearoundthem.Ofcourseawriterdoingthisismisunderstood:

hemightaswelltrytoexplainacrimeoraloveaffair.Heisalso,incidentally,anunforgivablebore.

Thistemptationtocoverthedistancebetweenhimselfandthereader,tostudyhisimageinthesightofthosewhodonotknowhim,canbehisundoing:

hehasbeguntowritetoplease.

AyoungEnglishwritermadethepertinentobservationayearortwobackthatthetalentgoesintothefirstdraft,andtheartintothedraftsthatfollow.Forthisreasonalsothewriter,likeanyotherartist,hasnorestingplace,nocrowdormovementinwhichhemaytakecomfort,nojudgmentfromoutsidewhichcanreplacethejudgmentfromwithin.Awritermakesorderout