专8听力真题答案及讲座原文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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—theaudienceis（6）inthearguments
一argumentsmust（7）theaudience
Traitsoftheargumentaswar
•verydominant:
itcanshape（8）
•strongargumentsareneeded
•negativeeffectsinclude:
一（9）areemphasized
一winningistheonlypurpose
一thistypeofargumentsprevent（10）
—theworstthingis（11）
•implicationfromargumentsaswar:
（12）
一e.g>
oneprovidingreasonsandtheotherraising（13）
一theotheroneisfinallypersuaded
Suggestionsonnewwaysto（14）ofarguments
•thinkofnewkindsofarguments
•changerolesinarguments
■（15）
SECTIONBINTERVIEW
Now,listentothePartOneoftheinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.
1.Whatisthetopicoftheinterview?
A.Maggie'
suniversitylife>
B>
HermonfslifeatHarvard.
C.Maggie'
sviewonstudyingwithMom.
D・Maggie'
sopiniononhermonTsmajor.
2.Whichofthefollowingindicatesthattheyhavethesamestudyschedule?
A.Theytakeexamsinthesameweeks.
Theyhavesimilarlecturenotes.
C.Theyapplyforthesameinternship.
D>
Theyfollowthesamefashion.
3.Whatdothemotherandthedaughterhaveincommonasstudents?
A>
Havingroommates.
Practicingcourttrails.
C.Studyingtogether
D.Takingnotesbyhand.
4.WhatisthebiggestadvantageofstudyingwithMom?
A.Protection.
B.Imaginatioiie
C.Excitement>
D・Encouragement>
5.WhatisthebiggestdisadvantageofstudyingwithMom?
A.ThinkingofwaystocomfortMom.
B.OccasionalinterferencefromMom.
C.UltimatelycallswhenMaggieisbusy.
FrequentcheckonMaggie'
sgrades.
Now,listentothePartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.
6.Whyisparentandkidstudyingtogetheracommoncase?
A.Becauseparentsneedtobereadyfornewjobs.
Becauseparentslovetoreturntocollege.
C.Becausekidsrequiretheirparentstodoso.
D<
Becausekidsfindithardtoadapttocollegelife<
7.WhatwouldMaggie'
smomliketobeaftercollege?
A・Realestateagent.
B.Financier
C.Lawyer.
D.Teacher
&
HowdoesMaggie'
smomfeelaboutsittinginclassafter30years?
A・Delighted.
Excited.
C.Bored.
D・Frustrated.
9.WhatismostchallengingforMaggie^smom?
Howtomakeacake>
B.Howtomakeomelets.
C.Toacceptwhatistaught.
Toplanafuturecareer.
10.HowdoesMaggiedescribetheprocessofthinkingoutone^scareerpath?
Unsuccessful^
B・Gradual.
C.Frustrating.
Passionate.
Keys:
1.thedialecticalmodel
monandfixed
3.premises
4.opposition/arguing
5.argumentsasperformances/therhetoricalmodel
6.participatory/participating/theparticipant/takingpart
7.betailoredto/caterfor
8.howweargue/ouractualconduct
9.tactics/strategies
10<
negotiationandcollaboration
11.there'
snosolution/progress
12.learningwithlosing
13.questions/counter-considerations/counter-arguments/objections/
argumentsinopposition
14>
achievepositiveeffects
15>
supportoneself/yourself
CADDB
ACDCB
Script:
Goodmorning,everyone.MynameisDavidandIamgoodatarguing*Sowelcometoourintroductorylectureonargumentation.Whydowewanttoargue?
Whydowetrytoconvinceotherpeopletobelievethingsthattheydon'
twanttobelieve?
Andisthatevenanicethingtodo?
Isthatanicewaytotreatotherhumanbeing,tryandmakethemthinksomethingtheydon'
twanttothink?
Well,myanswerisgoingtomakereferencetothreemodelsforarguments>
（1）Thefirstmodel—let'
scallthisthedialecticalmodel—isthatwethinkofargumentsaswar.Andyouknowwhatthafslike.Thereisalotofscreamingandshoutingandwinningandlosing*
（2）Andthat'
snotreallyavei^yhelpfulmodelarfiiinf，butifsaprettycommonandfixedone.Iguessyoumusthaveseenthattypeofarguingmanytimes—inthestreet,onthebusorinthesubwav.
Lettmoveontothesecondmodel.Thesecondmodelforarguingregardsargumentsasproofs.Thinkofamathematician^argument.Here'
smyargument*Doesitwork?
Isitanygood?
（3）Arethepremis£
s（前提）wairanted?
Aretheinferences（推论））valid?
Doestheconclusionfollowthepremises?
（4）Noopposition,noadversariality（对抗）一notnecessarilyanyai^uingintheadversarialsense.
（5）Andthere'
sathirdmodeltokeepinmindthatIthinkis£
oin±
tobeveryhelpful,andthatisargumentsasperformances,argumentsasbeingin
Frontofanaudience.Wecanthinkofapoliticiantryingtopresentaposition,tryingtoconvincetheaudienceof
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