全国研究生入学统一考试 英语试题Word文件下载.docx

全国研究生入学统一考试 英语试题Word文件下载.docx

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2

[A]above

[B]unlike

[C]excluding

[D]besides

3

[A]limited

[B]committed

[C]dedicated

[D]confined

4

[A]catching

[B]ignoring

[C]missing

[D]tracking

5

[A]anyway

[B]though

[C]instead

[D]therefore

6

[A]evenif

[B]ifonly

[C]onlyif

[D]asif

7

[A]distinguishi

[B]discovering

[C]determining

[D]detecting

8

[A]diluted

[B]dissolved

[C]dispersed

[D]diffused

9

[A]when

[B]since

[C]for

[D]whereas

10

[A]unusual

[B]particular

[C]unique

[D]typical

11

[A]signs

[B]stimuli

[C]messages

[D]impulses

12

[A]atfirst

[B]atall

[C]atlarge

[D]attimes

13

[A]subjected

[B]left

[C]drawn

[D]exposed

14

[A]ineffective

[B]incompetent

[C]inefficient

[D]insufficient

15

[A]introduce

[B]summon

[C]trigger

[D]create

16

[A]still

[B]also

[C]otherwise

[D]nevertheless

17

[A]sure

[B]sick

[C]aware

[D]tired

18

[A]tolerate

[B]repel

[C]neglect

[D]notice

19

[A]available

[B]reliable

[C]identifiable

[D]suitable

20

[A]similarto

[B]suchas

[C]alongwith

[D]asidefrom

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated