WikipediaCharging stationWord格式.docx

WikipediaCharging stationWord格式.docx

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Converted 

ToyotaPrii 

rechargingatpublicchargingstationsin 

SanFrancisco 

（2009）

BrammoEmpulse 

electricmotorcycle 

atan 

AeroVironmentchargingstation

An 

electricvehiclechargingstation,alsocalled 

EVchargingstation, 

electricrechargingpoint, 

chargingpoint 

and 

EVSE（ElectricVehicleSupplyEquipment）,isanelementinaninfrastructurethatsupplies 

electricenergy 

fortherechargingof 

plug-inelectricvehicles,including 

all-electriccars, 

neighborhoodelectricvehicles 

plug-inhybrids.

As 

plug-inhybridelectricvehicles 

batteryelectricvehicle 

ownershipisexpanding,thereisagrowingneedforwidelydistributedpubliclyaccessiblechargingstations,someofwhichsupportfasterchargingathighervoltagesandcurrentsthanareavailablefromdomesticsupplies.Manychargingstationsareon-streetfacilitiesprovidedbyelectricutilitycompanies,mobilechargingstationshavebeenrecentlyintroduced.Someofthesespecialchargingstationsprovideoneorarangeofheavydutyorspecialconnectorsand/orchargingwithoutaphysicalconnectionusingparkingplacesequippedwith 

inductivecharging 

mats.

Contents

[hide] 

∙1 

Overview

o1.1 

Internationalstatus

o1.2 

Safety

o1.3 

Standards

∙2 

Mode1:

Householdsocketandextensioncord

∙3 

Mode2:

Domesticsocketandcablewithaprotectiondevice

∙4 

Mode3:

Specificsocketonadedicatedcircuit

∙5 

Mode4:

Directcurrent（DC）connectionforfastrecharging

o5.1 

Evolution

∙6 

Chargingtime

∙7 

Infrastructure

∙8 

Smartgridcommunication

∙9 

Deploymentofpublicchargingstations

o9.1 

Locations

o9.2 

Vehicleandchargingstationprojectsandjointventures

∙10 

Chargingstationmanufacturers

o10.1 

DCchargingstations（fast）

o10.2 

Chargingnetworkoperators

o10.3 

Feud

o10.4 

EVchargingstationsigns

o10.5 

Blockheaterpowersupplies

∙11 

Batteryswapping

∙12 

RenewableelectricityandREchargingstations

o12.1 

SPARCstation

o12.2 

E-Movechargingstation

o12.3 

Wind-poweredchargingstation

∙13 

Seealso

∙14 

Notes

∙15 

Externallinks

Overview[edit]

Public-domainEuropeanchargestationsign

U.S.trafficsignusedforEVchargingstation

Achargingstationin 

Monza,Italy

Internationalstatus[edit]

AsofDecember2012,around50,000non-residentialslowchargingpointsweredeployedintheU.S.,Europe,JapanandChina.[1] 

AsofSeptember2013,therewere3,073quickchargersdeployedaroundtheworld,with1,858inJapan,897inEuropeand306intheUnitedStates.[2] 

AsofDecember2013,Estoniaisthefirstandonlycountrythathadcompletedthedeploymentofan 

EVchargingnetwork 

withnationwidecoverage,with165fastchargersavailablealonghighwaysataminimumdistanceofbetween40to60 

km（25to37 

mi）,andahigherdensityinurbanareas.[3][4][5]

AsofMarch2013,5,678publicchargingstationsexistedacrosstheUnitedStates,with16,256publicchargingpoints,ofwhich3,990werelocatedin 

California,1,417in 

Texas,and1,141in 

Washington.[6][7] 

AsofNovember2012,about15,000chargingstationshadbeeninstalledinEurope.[8]

AsofMarch2013,Norway,whichhasthehighestelectricownershippercapita,had4,029chargingpointsand127quickchargingstations.[9] 

Aspartofitscommitmenttoenvironmentalsustainability,theDutchgovernmentinitiatedaplantoestablishover200chargingstationsacrossthecountryby2015.TherolloutwillbeundertakenbySwitzerland-basedpowerandautomationcompanyABBandDutchstartupFastned,andwillaimtoprovideatleastonestationevery50kilometres（31miles）fortheNetherlands'

16millionresidents.[10]

AsofDecember2012,Japanhad1,381publicquick-chargestations,thelargestdeploymentoffastchargersintheworld,butonlyaround300slowchargers.[1] 

AsofDecember2012, 

China 

hadaround800publicslowchargingpoints,andnofastchargingstations.[1] 

AsofDecember2012,thecountrywiththehighestratioofquickchargerstoelectricvehicles（EVSE/EV）wasJapan,witharatioof0.030,andtheNetherlandshadthelargestratioofslowEVSE/EV,withmorethan0.50,whiletheU.ShadaslowEVSE/EVratioof0.20.[1]

AsofSeptember2013,thelargestpublicchargingnetworksin 

Australia 

existinthecapitalcitiesof 

Perth 

Melbourne,witharound30stations（7 

kWAC）establishedinbothcities—smallernetworksexistinothercapitalcities.[11]

Safety[edit]

Althoughmostrechargeableelectricvehiclesandequipmentcanberechargedfromadomestic