纪念伟大的哲学家胡塞尔Word文档下载推荐.docx

纪念伟大的哲学家胡塞尔Word文档下载推荐.docx

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[俄]舍斯托夫

InmemoryofagreatphilosopherEdmundHusserl

1

MaxScheler,whenIlastsawhim,twoweeksbeforehisdeath,suddenlyaskedme:

"

WarumsindSiemitsoeinemUngestьmgegenHusserllosgegangen?

"

Husserlhimself,whenIvisitedhiminFreiburg,introducedmetoagroupofvisitingAmericanprofessorsofphilosophywiththewords:

Noonehaseverattackedmesosharplyashe-andthat'

swhywearesuchclosefriends."

WhatastonishesoneinHusserl'

swordsistheclearexpressionofthe"

disinterestedness"

whichissorareeveninthegreatphilosophers.Hisfirstinterestwasinthetruth:

andinthesearchfortruthfriendshipwithone'

sintellectualopponentsisnotonlypossiblebutessential.ThisischaracteristicofHusserlinthehighestdegree. 

Butweareconcernedforthemomentwithadifferentquestion:

Whatcouldhavebeenthecauseofmyharshattack?

TomakeintelligibleapositionasdifficultandatthesametimeremarkableasHusserl'

sphenomenology,itseemstomeusefultostatenotonlythedoctrineitselfbutalsothereasonswhyIhavefoundit,andstillfindit,unacceptable.Objectionsilluminatenotonlytheviewsofthecritic,butalsothoseofthethinkercriticized.[1] 

IfirstencounteredHusserl'

sworksthirtyyearsago,[2]atatimewhenhehadpublishedonlytheLogischeUntersuchungen.Thatbookwasandisenormouslyimpressive.AmongphilosophersoftheearlytwentiethcenturyfewindeedcanrivalHusserlinpower,boldness,depth,andsignificanceofthought.Wedidnotmeetuntilmuchlater,afterIhadpublishedtwoarticlesonHusserlintheRevuePhilosophique.[3]IhadbeeninvitedtoAmsterdamtoreadapaperbeforeaphilosophicalsociety.WhenIgotthereIwastoldthatHusserlwascominglatertoreadapaperandthathehadaskedifIcouldawaithisarrivalsothatwemightmeet.Ofcourse,Igladlypostponedmydepartureforafewdays.IwaspleasantlysurprisedbyHusserl'

sdesiretomeetanoutspokenintellectualopponent:

suchgenerosityofspiritisextremelyrare. 

OurfirstmeetingtookplaceatthephilosophicalsocietyintheeveningjustbeforeHusserlwastoreadhispaper.Atthattime,ofcourse,therewasnophilosophicdiscussion.Husserlwasbusycompletinghisownpaper,whichlastedformorethantwohoursandwhich,incidentally,hereadstanding,withextraordinaryease,andwiththeartistryandvigorofamanoffortyratherthanseventy.Husserlaskedthememberofthephilosophicsocietyinwhosehomeheandhiswifewerestaying（itisthecustominAmsterdamforphilosopherswhoareinvitedtoreadpaperstostaywithmembersofthephilosophicsocietyratherthaninhotels）toinvitemefordinnerthefollowingday.Atdinner,ofcourse,therewasnotalkofphilosophy.Butimmediatelyafterdinner,assoonaswehadgonefromthediningroomintothestudy,Husserlbegantoraisephilosophicissues,plungingdirectlyinmediasres.Thiswascharacteristicofhim.Irememberthatwhen,afewdayslater,bothofushaddinnerwithanothermemberofthesociety,andafterdinnerourhost,averywealthymanandapassionatebibliophile,beganshowingHusserlsomeofhisrarebooks-firsteditionsoftheCritiqueofPureReasonandSpinoza'

sEthics-Husserl,tothegreatchagrinofourhost,castonlyaperfunctoryglanceattheserarevolumes,andinafewmomentstookmeasideandbegantotalkphilosophy. 

Thissameconcentrationuponthequestionswhichabsorbedhimwasapparentonanotheroccasion,when,attherequestofProfessorAndler,IbegantosoundHusserloutconcerninghiswillingnesstocometoParisattheinvitationoftheSorbonne.Heaskedmeonlyonequestion:

DoyouthinkthatIwillfindpeopleinPariswhoknowGermanandarewillingtoreflectuponmyproblems?

Husserl'

scompleteabsorptioninphilosophywasevidentinallofourconversations-firstinAmsterdam,andtheninFreiburgandParis."

Youwerewrong,"

hebeganatourfirstmeeting,throwinghimselfuponmesharplyandpassionately,

Youhaveturnedmeintoastonestatue,raisedmeontoaloftypedestal,andthenwithhammerblowsyouhaveshatteredthisstatuetobits.ButamIreallysolapidary?

Youdon'

tseemtohavenoticedwhatcompelledmetoformulateinsucharadicalwaythequestionofthenatureofknowledge,modifyingthedominanttheoriesofknowledgewhichpreviouslyhadsatisfiedmeasmuchasanyotherphilosopher.ThemoredeeplyIprobedintothebasicproblemsoflogic,themoreIfeltthatourscience,ourknowledge,isshaking,tottering.Andfinally,tomyownindescribablehorror,Iconvincedmyselfthatifcontemporaryphilosophyhassaidthelastwordaboutthenatureofknowledge,thenwehavenoknowledge.Once,whenIwasgivingalectureattheuniversity,expoundingideaswhichIhadtakenoverfromourcontemporaries,IsuddenlyfeltthatIhadnothingto