12真题Word下载.docx
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AsKarenSeto,theledauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn’tjustaboutthemigrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggertoaccommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.
Humansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whenthemoveintonewterritory,theoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities—especiallyinthedensetropicalforests—carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It’struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthecountrysideslashandburnforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.Buttherealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.
Theurbanizationwavecan’tbestopped—anditshouldn’tbe.ButSeto’spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization’simpactontheenvironment.“There’sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabouthowweurbanize,”saysSeto.“Onethingthat’sclearisthatwecan’tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon’tallowthat.”We’reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.
56.Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople’sattentionto?
A.Theshrinkingbiodiversityworldwide.
B.Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.
C.Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.
D.Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.
57.Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?
A.Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.
B.Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.
C.Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.
D.Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.
58.Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?
A.Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.
B.Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.
C.Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.
D.Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.
59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?
A.Itincursahighenvironmentalprice.
B.Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.
C.Itcausesabigchangeinpeople’slifestyle.
D.Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.
60.WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?
A.Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.
B.Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.
C.Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.
D.Enhancingpeople’ssenseofresponsibility.
Passage1-2
WhenHarvardstudentMarkZuckerberglaunchedinFeb.2004,evenhecouldnotimaginetheforcesitwouldletloose.Hisintentwastoconnectcollegestudents.Facebook,whichiswhatthiswebsiterapidlyevolvedinto,endedupconnectingtheworld.
Tothechildrenofthisconnectedera,theworldisonegiantsocialnetwork.Theyarenotbound—aswerepreviousgenerationsofhumans—bywhattheyweretaught.Theyareonlylimitedbytheircuriosityandambition.Duringmychildhood,allknowledgewaslocal.Youlearnedeverythingyouknewfromyourparents,teachers,preachers,andfriends.
Withthehigh-qualityandtimelyinformationattheirfingertips,today’schildrenarerisingnormallytamemiddleclassisspeakingupagainstsocialills.SiliconValleyexecutivesarebeingshamedintoaddingwomentotheirboards.Politicalleadersaremarshallingtheenergyofmillionsforelectionsandpoliticalcauses.AllofthisisbeingdonewithsocialmediatechnologiesthatFacebookandi