初中最新50套高中英语阅读理解社会文化及解析Word格式.docx

初中最新50套高中英语阅读理解社会文化及解析Word格式.docx

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tensions"

betweennativesandmigrants.Butcriticshavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmayberegardedasantagonistsinthemanual（手册）.

RussiansandmigrantshaverepeatedlyfloodedinMoscowrecently.Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus（高加索）andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'

sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.

ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe"

dos"

and"

don'

ts"

tomigrants.Theyareurgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.Theyarealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinely（例行公事）stopthemtochecktheirdocuments.

Inthemanual,Russia'

sfamous"

threewarriors"

aremeanttorepresentthecity'

slawenforcementagencies（执法机关）,whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky（ahistoricalcharacter）isusedfortoursaroundMoscow.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderonRussia'

slanguageandhistory.AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow'

sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatmigrantscouldotherwisebedeported（驱逐出境）orbannedfromentry.

Themanualwaswrittenprimarilyforillegalmigrants,AlexanderKalinin,whoheadsthegroupSupportforWorkingMigrantsinMoscow,toldBBCRussian.

"

Wewanttoraisetheirleveloflawawareness,"

headded.

Migrantcharactershadinitially（最初）beenidentifiedasrepresentativesofdifferentnationalities,butthebook'

sauthorslaterdecidedtodropthisideasoas"

nottooffendanyone"

saidMr.Kalinin.

TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnon-Slavicinvadersisbeingrevived,"

YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexperttoldBBCRussian.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe"

difficult"

tounderstandforsomemigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.

（1）Theunderlinedword"

antagonists"

inParagraph1canprobablybereplacedby"

________"

.

A. 

friends 

B. 

acquaintances 

C. 

cooperators 

D. 

opponents

（2）PeoplefromothercountriescometoMoscow"

tofindwell-paidjobs

tohaveanewlifestyle

toenjoythefineclimate

toexperienceanewculture

（3）Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout"

consequencesthemigrantsmaysuffer

thepurposeofpublishingthehandbook

themeasurestoattractforeignmigrants

charactersandtheirfunctionsinRussianfairytales

（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

WaystohelpforeignmigrantstosettleinRussia

CharactersfromRussianfairytaleshavenewjobs

MoreandmoreforeignmigrantstoworkinMoscow

Moscowfairytalecomicstohelpmigrantsbehave

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"

Theysaya100-pageguideisneededto‘keepapositiveimage’ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"

betweennativesandmigrants."

可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"

Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus（高加索）andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'

sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries."

可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据第三段中的"

ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe‘dos’and‘don'

ts’tomigrants."

可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"

Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics（漫画）withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants（移民）howtheyshouldbehave."

可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

March21hasbeendeclaredWorldSleepDay,atimetorecognizeandcelebratethevalueofsleep.Manysleepexpertshopeitwillbeawake-upcall.

Accordingtoapoll（民意调查）bytheNationalSleepFoundation,nearly4in5Americansdon'

tgetasmuchsleepastheyshouldduringtheworkweek.Onaverage,adultsarethoughttoneedatleasteighthoursofsleepanight,althoughsomecanmanagewithlessandsomewon'

tdowellwithoutmore.Butthesurveyfoundthat,onweekdays,only21%ofAmericansactuallygetafulleighthoursofsleep,andanother21%getlessthansixhours.

Tomanyofus,thethoughtofspendingmoretimesleepingis,well,abigyawn.Ontheoth