Smart phone adoption is verified through modified technology acceptance modelWord格式文档下载.docx

Smart phone adoption is verified through modified technology acceptance modelWord格式文档下载.docx

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54

Thiosulfateleachingofgoldfromwastemobilephones 

JournalofHazardousMaterials,Volume178,Issues1-3,15June2010,Pages1115-1119

VinhHungHa,Jae-chunLee,JinkiJeong,HuynhTrungHai,ManisK.Jha

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Thepresentcommunicationdealswiththeleachingofgoldfromtheprintedcircuitboards（PCBs）ofwastemobilephonesusinganeffectiveandlesshazardoussystem,i.e.,acopper–ammonia–thiosulfatesolution,asanalternativetotheconventionalandtoxiccyanideleachingofgold.Theinfluenceofthiosulfate,ammoniaandcoppersulfateconcentrationsontheleachingofgoldfromPCBsofwastemobilephoneswasinvestigated.Goldextractionwasfoundtobeenhancedwithsolutionscontaining15–20 

mMcupric,0.1–0.14 

Mthiosulfate,and0.2–0.3 

Mammonia.SimilartrendswereobtainedfortheleachingofgoldfromtwodifferenttypesofscrapsandPCBsofwastemobilephones.Fromthescrapsamples,98%ofthegoldwasleachedoutusingasolutioncontaining20 

mMcopper,0.12 

Mthiosulfateand0.2 

Mammonia.Similarly,theleachingofgoldfromthePCBssampleswasalsofoundtobegood,butitwaslowerthanthatofscrapsamplesinsimilarexperimentalconditions.Inthiscase,only90%ofthegoldwasleached,evenwithacontacttimeof10 

h.Theobtaineddatawillbeusefulforthedevelopmentofprocessesfortherecyclingofgoldfromwastemobilephones.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Experimental

2.1.Materialsandreagents

2.2.Leachingtests

2.3.Analyticalmethods

3.Resultsanddiscussion

3.1.Leachingofgoldbythiosulfate

3.2.Effectofthiosulfateconcentration

3.3.Effectofcopper（II）concentration

3.4.Effectofammoniaconcentration

3.5.Effectofleachingtime

4.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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55

ModellingandsimulationofRayleighfading,pathloss,andshadowingfadingforwirelessmobilenetworks 

SimulationModellingPracticeandTheory,Volume19,Issue2,February2011,Pages626-637

ZhiRen,GuangyuWang,QianbinChen,HongbinLi

Inthispaper,wefirstderivetwoexplicitmathematicalexpressionsofbiterrorrates（BERs）withRayleighfadingfordifferentialphaseshiftkeying（DPSK）andquadratureamplitudemodulation（QAM）,andestablishcorrespondingsimulationmodelstorealizetheeffectofRayleighfading.Next,weproposeamathematicalexpressiontodefinetheeffectofshadowingfadingandanapproachtocomputingit.Then,weoptimizetheeffectofpathlossthroughadaptingthevalueofthepathlossexponenttodifferentenvironments.Finally,usingapacket-orientedsimulationtool,OPtimizedNetworkEngineeringTool（OPNET）,werealizetheeffectsofRayleighfadingandshadowingfading,optimizetheeffectofpathloss,andinvestigatetheintegratedimpactoftheseeffectsontheperformanceofwirelessmobilenetworksincludingwirelesslocalareanetworks（WLANs）andmobileadhocnetworks（MANETs）.Simulationresultsnotonlycoincidewiththeexperimentalresultsinpresentliterature,butalsoshowthattheseeffectsexertanon-negligibleimpactontheperformanceofwirelessmobilenetworks.Accordingly,ournewmodelsandapproachesmakethepresentover-optimisticsimulationresultsmoreaccurateandreasonable.

2.Theoreticalanalysisandmathematicalderivation

2.1.DerivationofBERwithRayleighfading

2.1.1.DPSK

2.1.2.QAM64

2.2.Definitionandcomputationoftheeffectofshadowingfading

2.2.1.Definitionoftheeffectofshadowingfading

2.2.2.Computationoftheeffectofshadowingfading

3.Simulationmodellingandoptimization

3.1.SimulationmodellingofRayleighfading

3.2.Optimizationoftheeffectofpathloss

4.Performanceresultsandevaluation

4.1.RealizationofRayleighfadinginsimulation

4.2.Realizationofshadowingfadinginsimulation

4.3.Optimizationoftheeffectofpathlossinsimulation

4.4.PerformanceevaluationofwirelessmobilenetworkswithRayleighfading,pathloss,andshadowingfading

4.4.1.IntegratedeffectofRayleighfading,pathloss,andshadowingfading

4.4.2.SimulationandanalysisofIEEE802.11WLANs

4.4.3.SimulationandanalysisofMANETs

5.