平面磨床中英文外文翻译文献Word格式.docx

平面磨床中英文外文翻译文献Word格式.docx

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usedabrasivemachiningprocessinwhichaspinningwheelcoveredinroughparticles

（grindingwheel）cutschipsofmetallicornonmetallicsubstancefromaworkpiece,makingafaceofitflatorsmooth.

Process

Surfacegrindingisthemostcommonofthegrindingoperations.Itisafinishingprocessthatusesarotatingabrasivewheeltosmooththeflatsurfaceofmetallicornonmetallicmaterialstogivethemamorerefinedlookortoattainadesiredsurfaceforafunctionalpurpose.

Thesurfacegrinderiscomposedofanabrasivewheel,aworkholdingdeviceknownas

achuck,andareciprocatingtable.Thechuckholdsthematerialinplacewhileitisbeingworkedon.Itcandothisoneoftwoways:

metallicpiecesareheldinplacebyamagneticchuck,whilenonmetallicpiecesareheldinplacebyvacuumormechanicalmeans.

Factorstoconsiderinsurfacegrindingarethematerialofthegrindingwheelandthematerialofthepiecebeingworkedon.

Typicalworkpiecematerialsincludecastironandminorsteel.Thesetwomaterialsdon'

ttendtoclogthegrindingwheelwhilebeingprocessed.Othermaterialsarealuminum,

stainlesssteel,brassandsomeplastics.Whengrindingathightemperatures,thematerialtendstobecomeweakenedandismoreinclinedtocorrode.Thiscanalsoresultinalossofmagnetisminmaterialswherethisisapplicable.Thetolerancesthatarenormally

achievedwithgrindingare±

2×

10−4inchesforagrindingaflatmaterial,and±

3×

10−4inchesforaparallelsurface.

Thegrindingwheelisnotlimitedtojustacylindricalshape,butcanhaveamyriadofoptionsthatareusefulintransferringdifferentdesignstotheobjectbeingworkedon.

Whensurfacegrindinganobject,onemustkeepinmindthattheshapeofthewheelwillbetransferredtothematerialoftheobjectlikeamirrorimage.

Sparkoutisatermusedwhenprecisionvaluesaresoughtandliterallymeans"

untilthesparksareout（nomore）"

.Itinvolvespassingtheworkpieceunderthewheel,without

resettingthedepthofcut,morethanonceandgenerallymultipletimes.Thisensuresthatanyinconsistenciesinthemachineorworkpieceareeliminated.

Equipment

SurfaceGrinderwithelectromagneticchuck,insetshowsaManualmagneticchuck

Asurfacegrinderisamachinetoolusedtoprovideprecisiongroundsurfaces,eithertoacriticalsizeorforthesurfacefinish.

Thetypicalprecisionofasurfacegrinderdependsonthetypeandusage,however+/-0.002mm（+/-0.0001"

）shouldbeachievableonmostsurfacegrinders.

Themachineconsistsofatablethattraversesbothlongitudinallyandacrossthefaceofthewheel.Thelongitudinalfeedisusuallypoweredbyhydraulics,asmaythecrossfeed,howeveranymixtureofhand,electricalorhydraulicmaybeuseddependingonthe

ultimateusageofthemachine（i.e.:

production,workshop,cost）.Thegrindingwheelrotatesinthespindleheadandisalsoadjustableforheight,byanyofthemethods

describedpreviously.Modernsurfacegrindersaresemi-automated,depthofcutandspark-outmaybepresetastothenumberofpassesandoncesetupthemachiningprocessrequiresverylittleoperatorintervention.

Dependingontheworkpiecematerial,theworkisgenerallyheldbytheuseofamagneticchuck.Thismaybeeitheranelectromagneticchuck,oramanuallyoperated,permanentmagnettypechuck;

bothtypesareshowninthefirstimage.

Themachinehasprovisionfortheapplicationofcoolantaswellastheextractionofmetaldust（metalandgrindingparticles）.

Typesofsurfacegrinders

Horizontal-spindle（peripheral）surfacegrindersTheperiphery（flatedge）ofthewheelisincontactwiththeworkpiece,producingtheflatsurface.Peripheralgrindingisusedin

high-precisionworkonsimpleflatsurfaces;

tapersorangledsurfaces;

slots;

flatsurfacesnexttoshoulders;

recessedsurfaces;

andprofiles.

Vertical-spindle（wheel-face）grindersThefaceofawheel（cup,cylinder,disc,or

segmentalwheel）isusedontheflatsurface.Wheel-facegrindingisoftenusedforfast

materialremoval,butsomemachinescanaccomplishhigh-precisionwork.Theworkpieceisheldonareciprocatingtable,whichcanbevariedaccordingtothetask,ora

rotary-tablemachine,withcontinuousorindexedrotation.Indexingallowsloadingorunloadingonestationwhilegrindingoperationsarebeingperformedonanother.

Discgrindersanddouble-discgrindersDiscgrindingissimilartosurfacegrinding,butwithalargercontactareabetweendiscandworkpiece.Discgrindersareavailableinboth

verticalandhorizontalspindletypes.Doublediscgrindersworkbothsidesofaworkpiecesimultaneously.Discgrindersarecapableofachievingespeciallyfinetolerances.

Grindingwheelsforsurfacegrinders

Aluminumoxide,siliconcarbide,diamond,andcubicboronnitride（CBN）arefourcommonlyusedabrasivematerialsforthesurfaceofthegrindingwheels.Ofthese

materials,aluminumoxideisthemostcommon.Becauseofcost,diamondandCBN