Heroism in Trojan WarWord格式文档下载.docx

Heroism in Trojan WarWord格式文档下载.docx

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ByDengCuiyu

IndividualheroismisfrequentlyseeninTrojanWar.Heroismarethequalitiesofaheroorheroine,exceptionalorheroiccouragewhenfallingdanger（especiallyinbattle）.---aqualityofspiritthatenablesyoutofacedangerorpainwithoutshowingfear.（Wordnet3.0FarlexClipartCollection.PrinoetionUniversity2003）.While,individualheroismemphasizesmoreonpersonalbraveness,wit,gloryandstrength.Individualheroestendtopursuetheirfameanddreamsonlybytheirownpower.Theydisrespectevenneglecttheforceofcollectivity,justlikeAchilles,thegreatestwarriorandfastestrunnerofhistime,whoneverrecognizedandshowedduedeferencetothekingofhiscountry-stateandtheirarmy.

IndividualHeroisminTrojanWar

ByDengCuiyu

TrojanWar,whichlastedfortenyears,isoneofthemostsublimewarsinhumanhistory.InTroyperiod,individualheroismreacheditspeakwithallcitizens’passion.ThespecialsocialandpoliticalbackgroundinBronzeAgefosteredthisenduringspirit.Plentyofcountry-statesaroundAegeanSeaattheirtimecontinuallyfoughtagainsteachother.Everycitizenhadresponsibilitytodefendtheirownstates.Individualscouldwintheirfameandpositionsinbattlesagainstenemies.Evenattheexpenseoftheirlives,theystillregardeditastheirgreatglory.Whereas,theprocessoftheirbattleswerenottotallythesameasitnowadays.Theyworshipedduelsfairlyperformedjustbytwowarriorswhicharepersonificationofindividualheroism.Withthisparticularclimate,anumberofheroescameintopicture.TheirrespectablecourageandwisdomwerewelldemonstratedinTrojanWar.Theirspiritwilllastforgood.

IntroductionofAchilles

ByWangQian

AchilleswasthesonofthemortalPeleusandtheNereidThetis.HewasthemightiestoftheGreekswhofoughtintheTrojanWar,andwastheheroofHomer'

sIliad.WhenAchilleswasaboy,theseerCalchasprophesiedthatthecityofTroycouldnotbetakenwithouthishelp.Thetisknewthat,ifhersonwenttoTroy,hewoulddieanearlydeath,soshesenthimtothecourtofLycomedes,inScyros;

therehewashidden,disguisedasayounggirl.DuringhisstayhehadanaffairwithLycomedes'

daughter,Deidameia,andshehadason,Pyrrhus（orNeoptolemus）,byhim.Achilles'

disguisewasfinallypenetratedbyOdysseus,whoplacedarmsandarmoramidstadisplayofwomen'

sfineryandseizeduponAchilleswhenhewastheonly"

maiden"

tobefascinatedbytheswordsandshields.AchillesthenwentwillinglywithOdysseustoTroy,leadingahostofhisfather'

sMyrmidonsandaccompaniedbyhistutorPhoenixandhisclosefriendPatroclus.AtTroy,Achillesdistinguishedhimselfasanundefeatablewarrior.Amonghisotherexploits,hecapturedtwenty-threetownsinTrojanterritory,includingthetownofLyrnessos,wherehetookthewomanBriseisasawar-prize.LateronAgamemnon,theleaderoftheGreeks,wasforcedbyanoracleofApollotogiveuphisownwar-prize,thewomanChryseis,andtookBriseisawayfromAchillesascompensationforhisloss.ThisactionsparkedthecentralplotoftheIliad,forAchillesbecameenragedandrefusedtofightfortheGreeksanyfurther.Thewarwentbadly,andtheGreeksofferedhandsomereparationstotheirgreatestwarrior;

Achillesstillrefusedtofightinperson,butheagreedtoallowhisfriendPatroclustofightinhisplace,wearinghisarmor.ThenextdayPatrocluswaskilledandstrippedofthearmorbytheTrojanheroHector,whomistookhimforAchilles.

AchilleswasoverwhelmedwithgriefforhisfriendandHector.HismotherobtainedmagnificentnewarmorforhimfromHephaestus,andhereturnedtothefightingandkilledHector.Hedesecratedthebody,draggingitbehindhischariotbeforethewallsofTroy,andrefusedtoallowittoreceivefuneralrites.WhenthekingofTroyandHector'

sfather,camesecretlyintotheGreekcamptopleadforthebody,Achillesfinallyrelented;

inoneofthemostmovingscenesoftheIliad,hereceivedPriamgraciouslyandallowedhimtotakethebodyaway.

AfterthedeathofHector,Achilles'

dayswerenumbered.Hecontinuedfightingheroically,killingmanyoftheTrojansandtheirallies,includingMemnonandtheAmazonwarriorPenthesilia.FinallyPriam'

ssonParis,aidedbyApollo,woundedAchillesintheheelwithanarrow;

Achillesdiedofthewound.Afterhisdeath,itwasdecidedtoawardAchilles'

divinely-wroughtarmortothebravestoftheGreeks.OdysseusandAjaxcompetedfortheprize,witheachmanmakingaspeechexplainingwhyhedeservedthehonor;

Odysseuswon,andAjaxthenwentmadandcommittedsuicide.

Duringhislifetime,Achillesisalsosaidtohavehadanumberofromanticepisodes.HereportedlyfellinlovewithPenthesilia,theAmazonmaidenwhomhekilledinbattle,anditisc