外商直接投资和技术溢出泰国制造业的一个跨行业分析外文翻译文档格式.docx

外商直接投资和技术溢出泰国制造业的一个跨行业分析外文翻译文档格式.docx

《外商直接投资和技术溢出泰国制造业的一个跨行业分析外文翻译文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《外商直接投资和技术溢出泰国制造业的一个跨行业分析外文翻译文档格式.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

外商直接投资和技术溢出泰国制造业的一个跨行业分析外文翻译@#@出处：

@#@WorldDevelopment,2006,34（3）:

@#@541-556@#@中文3087字@#@毕业论文（设计）外文翻译@#@一、外文原文@#@ForeigndirectinvestmentandTechnologySpillover:

@#@ACross-industryAnalysisofThaiManufacturing@#@Foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）hasbeenwidelyrecognizedasagrowth-enhancingfactorininvestmentreceiving（host）countries.FDInotonlybringsincapitalbutalsointroducesadvancedtechnologythatcanenhancethetechnologicalcapabilityofthehostcountryfirms,therebygeneratinglong-termandsustainableeconomicgrowth.Moreimportantly,thetechnologicalbenefitisnotlimitedtolocallyaffiliatedfirmsbutcanalsospreadtonon-affiliatedones.Thelatterbenefitisusuallyreferredtoastechnologyspillover.@#@TheexpectationofgainingfromtechnologyspilloverpersuadesmanydevelopingcountriestooffervariousincentivesinordertoattractFDI.Howevertheresultsofempiricalresearchtotestthevalidityoftechnologyspilloverarefarfromconclusive.PositivetechnologyspilloverfromFDIhasonlybeenfoundinsomecountries.1Overall,thefindingsseemtosuggesttechnologyspilloverisnotautomatic,butdependsonbothcountryspecificfactorsandpolicyenvironment.@#@ForeignPresenceinThaiManufacturing@#@Thirdly,foreignplantsarelikelytobelocatedinahighlyprotectedindustry.TheaverageERP2ofindustrieswhoseoutputsharesofforeignplantsaregreaterthan50%is15.3%.Theexceptionintheseindustrieswouldbeelectricalmachinerywhichispresumablydominatedbylabor-intensiveassembledelectronicsandelectricalappliances.Ontheotherhand,regardingtheindustrieswheretheshareofforeignplantsislessthan50%,averageERPtendstobelowerataround10.8%.Inaddition,theoutputshareofforeignplantsislikelytobeassociatedwiththedegreeofmarketconcentration.@#@Involvementofforeignplantsinthemanufacturingsectorwaspredominatelyinimportsubstitutingindustriessuchastextiles,automobiles,andchemicalsuptoaboutthelate1970s（Akira,1989）.Fromthenon,itwasdirectedtomoreexport-orientedactivities.Tobeginwith,export-orientedforeignfirmsenteredlightmanufacturingindustriessuchasclothing,footwear,andtoys.Morerecently,labor-intensiveassemblyactivitiesinelectronicsandelectricalgoodsindustrieshavebeenthemainattractionforforeigninvestors（Kohpaiboon,2005）.@#@Suchinvolvementhascloselymirroredtheshiftinthetradepolicyregime.Thailandbeganitsfirstnationaleconomicdevelopmentplanin1961withanimportsubstitution（IS）regimetopromoteindustrialization.Tariffswerethemajorinstrumentusedtoinfluencethecountry’sdevelopmentpath.Theroleoftariffstopromotethedomesticindustryeffectivelybeganin1974withtheimpositionofanescalatingtariffstructure,wherethetariffrateascendedfromrawmaterialstofinishedproducts.Thesechangesincreasinglyfavoredtheproductionoffinishedproducts,particularlyconsumerproducts.In1975,therangeoftheeffectiverateofprotection（ERP）intheThaimanufacturingsectorwasbetween–36to350%（Akrasanee&@#@Ajanant,1986）.In1982,thevariationwidenedfrom–25.2to1,693.4%（Chunanantathumetal.1984）.Severalindustries,suchastextiles,tyres,furniture,automobiles,andleatherproducts,hadanextremelyhighERP.TherewasalsoahighdegreeofvariationinERPacrossindustries.Thistariffstructureremainedvirtuallyunchangeduntilthelate1980s,eventhoughin1974thegovernmentannouncedachangeindevelopmentstrategytoanexportpromotion（EP）regime.@#@Significanttariffreductionscommencedin1988,startingwithelectricalandelectronicgoodsaswellaswiththeinputsintotheseproducts.Comprehensivepackagesoftariffreformwereimplementedin1995and1997.Itinvolvedtariffreductionandrationalization.Maximumtariffswerereducedfrom100%intheearly1990sto30%.Bytheendofthe1990s,thetariffbandswerereducedfrom39to6tariffrates（0,1,5,10,20and30%）.Thetwolowrates（0and1%）wereforrawmaterialsandthetwotoprates（20and30%）forfinishedproductswiththetwomiddleratesforintermediategoods.Inaddition,tariffrestructuringhasreceivedrenewedemphasisasanessentialpartoftheoveralleconomicreformsaimedatstrengtheningefficiencyandcompetitivenessoverthepasttwoyears.TheThaigovernmentintroducedanotherefforttolowertariffrates,commencinginJune2003（implementedinOctober2003）,followedbyafouryearperiodoftariffreductionfrom2004to2008.Therearearound900itemsinvolvedinthesecondroundoftariffreductions,coveringawiderangeofmanufacturingproducts.Thetariffreductioninthisroundismainlyonintermediateproducts,therebymaintainingtheescalatingtariffstructure.Themagnitudeoftariffreductionismoderate,withintherangeof0to8.9%（Athukoralaetal.2004）.@#@Asaresult,averaget