定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx
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定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题
一、定语:
修饰名词或代词得词、短语或从句称为定语.汉语中常用“……得”表示。
定语主要由形容词担任,此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词也可以做定语.abeautifulcity;a bagfullof money、
注意:
汉语得定语无论多长都放在被修饰词得前面,而英语中得定语则不然,若就是一个词时,放在被修饰词得前面,若就是两个以上得词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词得后面,
thirty womenteachers;hisfather;thegirlin red;theboyfromAmerica
Ourmonitor isalways thefirststudenttoentertheclassroom、
fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplaying basketball;the bookbought bymymother;areading room;aswimmingpool
Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor、
二:
定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词得从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰得先行词之后。
2。
先行词:
被定语从句修饰得名词或代词叫先行词。
3。
关系词:
引导定语从句得词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词与关系副词.关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when, where,why、
1、 Ihave anapple、 An apple isred、
Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred、
↑ ↑
先行词关系代词
2、Ilikesomefriends、 Some friendslikesports、
Ilikefriendswholikesports、
↑ ↑
先行词关系代词
3、 I likemusic、 Themusicis quiet、
Ilikemusicthat/whichisquiet、
↑ ↑
先行词关系代词
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导定语从句,连接主从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
(一)关系代词引导得定语从句
1、who指人,在定语从句中做主语.
Theboyswhoare playing footballarefromClassOne、
Thosewhowanttogo tothemuseummust beattheschoolgateat7 tomorrowmorning、
YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwho hadlosthisway、
Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics、
2、 whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Mr、Liu isthe person(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus、
Li Mingis just theboy(whom)Iwant to see、
The professor(whom)youarewaitingforhase、
Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor、
注意:
关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。
The man(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend、
3、which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football isagamewhichislikedbymostboys、
Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenby foreignwriters、
Thehouse whichisbythelake looksnice、
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday、
The film (which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall、.
4.That既可指人,也可指物.在定语从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
Thenumber ofpeople that/whoeto visitthis cityeachyearreaches one million、
Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthis morning?
The personthat /whomyou introducedto me isvery kind、
Theseason that /which es afterspringissummer、
YesterdayIreceivedaletter that /which camefromAustralia、
5、whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallover thecountry、
He has afriend whosefatherisa doctor、
I oncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhas fallenin、
注意:
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwill soonbe repaired、
The classroomthedoorof which isbrokenwillsoonberepaired、
Doyoulike thebook whosecoverisyellow?
Doyou likethe bookthecoverof whichisyellow?
(二)限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句得情况
1、 当先行词就是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none, few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any,all, some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。
如:
HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr、Lisaid?
Thereseemstobe nothing thatisimpossibletohim in the world、
Allthatcanbe donehasbeendone、。
ThereislittlethatI can doforyou、
Hestayedinthelibraryand lookedupany informationthattheyneeded、
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:
Anymanthat/ whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing、
Allthegueststhat / whowereinvitedto herweddingwereimportant people、
2、当先行词被序数词修饰时.如:
Thefirst placethattheyvisitedinLondonwasthe BigBen、
3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
This is thebestfilm thatIhave everseen、
4、当先行词被thevery,the only修饰时。
如:
This istheverydictionarythatI wanttobuy、
Afterthefirein hishouse,theoldcaristhe onlything thathe owns、
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who.如:
WangHuaistheonlyperson inour schoolwhowillattend themeeting、
5、 当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。
如:
Who isthemanthatisstanding by thegate?
Whichis theT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6、当先行词为人与物时.如:
Theytalkedabout the personsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool、
(三)关系副词引导得定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
当先行词就是表时间得名词,比如time,day,week,month,year等;且定语从句中缺少时间状语时用when、若先行词就是表时间得名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/which引导。
I stillrememberthedaywhenI firstcameto thisschool、
Thetime whenwegot together finallyarrived、
Do youremember the yearswhenhe lived inthecountryside withhis grandparents?
Do yourememberthedays(that/which)we spenttogetherlastyear?
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespent ourholidaystogether、
Iwillnever forget thedaysthat/which wespenttogether、
2。
where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
若先行词就是表地点得名词,比如park,city, farm,place等;且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where、 若先行词就是表地点得名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/which引导。
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn、上海就是我出生得城市。
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeen pulleddown、
I visited thefarmwhere a lotofcows wereraised、
Shanghai isthecity (which/that)Iwantto visit、
Iknowaplacewherewecanhavea picnic、
I knowaplacewhich/ thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnatural scenery、