课件平狄克《微观经济学》第七版PPT课件下载推荐.ppt

课件平狄克《微观经济学》第七版PPT课件下载推荐.ppt

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Fernando&@#@YvonnQuijanoPreparedby:

@#@Preliminaries1CHAPTERCopyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries2of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.CHAPTER1OUTLINE1.1TheThemesofMicroeconomics1.2WhatIsaMarket?

@#@1.3RealversusNominalPrices1.4WhyStudyMicroeconomics?

@#@Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries3of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.PreliminariesmicroeconomicsBranchofeconomicsthatdealswiththebehaviorofindividualeconomicunitsconsumers,firms,workers,andinvestorsaswellasthemarketsthattheseunitscomprise.macroeconomicsBranchofeconomicsthatdealswithaggregateeconomicvariables,suchasthelevelandgrowthrateofnationaloutput,interestrates,unemployment,andinflation.Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries4of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.THETHEMESOFMICROECONOMICS1.1Trade-OffsConsumersWorkersFirmsConsumershavelimitedincomes,whichcanbespentonawidevarietyofgoodsandservices,orsavedforthefuture.Workersalsofaceconstraintsandmaketrade-offs.First,peoplemustdecidewhetherandwhentoentertheworkforce.Second,workersfacetrade-offsintheirchoiceofemployment.Finally,workersmustsometimesdecidehowmanyhoursperweektheywishtowork,therebytradingofflaborforleisure.Firmsalsofacelimitsintermsofthekindsofproductsthattheycanproduce,andtheresourcesavailabletoproducethem.Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries5of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.1.1PricesandMarketsMicroeconomicsdescribeshowpricesaredetermined.Inacentrallyplannedeconomy,pricesaresetbythegovernment.Inamarketeconomy,pricesaredeterminedbytheinteractionsofconsumers,workers,andfirms.Theseinteractionsoccurinmarketscollectionsofbuyersandsellersthattogetherdeterminethepriceofagood.THETHEMESOFMICROECONOMICSChapter1:

@#@Preliminaries6of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.1.1TheoriesandModelsIneconomics,explanationandpredictionarebasedontheories.Theoriesaredevelopedtoexplainobservedphenomenaintermsofasetofbasicrulesandassumptions.Amodelisamathematicalrepresentation,basedoneconomictheory,ofafirm,amarket,orsomeotherentity.PositiveversusNormativeAnalysispositiveanalysisAnalysisdescribingrelationshipsofcauseandeffect.normativeanalysisAnalysisexaminingquestionsofwhatoughttobe.THETHEMESOFMICROECONOMICSChapter1:

@#@Preliminaries7of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.WHATISAMARKET?

@#@1.2marketCollectionofbuyersandsellersthat,throughtheiractualorpotentialinteractions,determinethepriceofaproductorsetofproducts.marketdefinitionDeterminationofthebuyers,sellers,andrangeofproductsthatshouldbeincludedinaparticularmarket.arbitragePracticeofbuyingatalowpriceatonelocationandsellingatahigherpriceinanother.Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries8of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.1.2CompetitiveversusNoncompetitiveMarketsMarketPriceperfectlycompetitivemarketMarketwithmanybuyersandsellers,sothatnosinglebuyerorsellerhasasignificantimpactonprice.marketpricePriceprevailinginacompetitivemarket.WHATISAMARKET?

@#@Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries9of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.1.2MarketDefinitionTheExtentofaMarketextentofamarketBoundariesofamarket,bothgeographicalandintermsofrangeofproductsproducedandsoldwithinit.Marketdefinitionisimportantfortworeasons:

@#@Acompanymustunderstandwhoitsactualandpotentialcompetitorsareforthevariousproductsthatitsellsormightsellinthefuture.Marketdefinitioncanbeimportantforpublicpolicydecisions.WHATISAMARKET?

@#@Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries10of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.1.2Marketsareusuallydefinedintermsoftherapeuticclassesofdrugs.Forexample,thereisamarketforantiulcerdrugsthatisveryclearlydefined.Sometimes,however,pharmaceuticalmarketboundariesaremoreambiguous,likepainkillers.Therearemanytypesofpainkillers,andsomeworkbetterthanothersforcertaintypesofpain.WHATISAMARKET?

@#@Chapter1:

@#@Preliminaries11of18Copyright2009PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHallMicroeconomicsPindyck/Rubinfeld,7e.1.2In1990,theArcher-Daniels-MidlandCompany（ADM）acquiredtheClintonCornProcessingCompany（CCP）.TheU.S.DepartmentofJustice（DOJ）challengedthe