医学英语写作与翻译-材料与方法PPT文件格式下载.ppt

医学英语写作与翻译-材料与方法PPT文件格式下载.ppt

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材料与方法材料与方法1.Howtowritethematerialsandmethodssection2.FollowtheguidelinesbelowforwritingagoodMaterialsandMethodssectionWritemostofthesectioninthepasttense.Organizeitinchronologicalorder.ConstructsubheadingsthatcorrespondtothosetobeusedintheResultssection.Bepreciseandconcise.StudySubjectsPresentinclusionandexlcusinocriteriaforselectingthesubjectsstudied.Givedetailsofallrelevantcharacteristicsofthestudysubjectsandofanycontrolsubjects.Givedetailsofinformedconsentproceduresifhumansubjectsareinvolved.MaterialsGiveexacttechnicalspecificationsofthematerialsused.Donotuseproprietary（专专卖卖的的，专专利利的的）namesunlessthepropertiesofaparticularproprietaryproductwereimportanttotheexperiment.Givethegenus5dVi:

@#@nEs5dVi:

@#@nEs（种种,类类）,speciesandstrainofanyanimals,plants,etc.usedinthestudy.MethodsDescribewhatyoudid.Givesufficientdetailtopermitotherresearchworkersinthefieldtoreplicateyourwork.Describestatisticalmethods.Mentionawellestablishedmethodbyname,orbygivinganappropriatereference.材料与方法材料与方法ReadthefollowingexampleMaterialsandMethodssectionandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththelayout:

@#@MethodsPatientsThirty-sixconsecutivepatientsunderwenthearttransplantationbythemidatrial-cufftechniquebetweenAugust1992andJune1993.Ninepatientswerenotenrolledinthestudy;@#@fivepatientshadmultiplemedicallimitationsafterprolongedhospitalization,andfourpatientsdeclinedtoparticipate.Withintwoweeksaftertransplantation,informedconsentwasobtainedfromtheremaining27patients,whowererandomlyassigned（byselectionofsealedenvelopes）eithertoagroputhatparticipatedinanexercisetrainingprograminanoutpatientcardiac-rehabilitationsetting（exercisegroup,14patients）ortoacontrolgroup（13patients）.Thecontrolgroupreceivedwrittenguidelinesforexercisebutparticipatedinnoformal,supervisedexercisesessionsafterdischargefromthehospital.材料与方法材料与方法Allthepatitentsweretreatedwithtriple-drugimmunosuppression,includingcyclosporine,（环孢霉素环孢霉素）azathioprine（硝基硝基）咪唑硫嘌呤咪唑硫嘌呤）,andprednisone.Thedosageofprednisonewasinitially1mgperkilogramofbodyweightperday,givenindivideddoses,andwasgraduallydecreasedto0.1mgperkilogramperdaybysixmonthsaftertransplantation.Episodesofcardiacrejectionweretreatedwithanoralbolus（大大药丸药丸）doseofprednisoneandthentapered（逐渐减少逐渐减少）dosesand,forclinicallysevererejection,withOKT3murinemonoclonalantibody（muromonab-CD3）.Episodesofrejecitnandinfectionwererecorded,andbloodpressure,renalfunction,andweightgainevaluatedinbothgroupsofpatientsduringthestudy.Cardiacfunctionwasassessedwithechocardiographyandright-heartcatheterizationatbaselinednatasix-monthfollow-upexamination.材料与方法材料与方法ExerciseProgramAtthetimeofentryintothestructured,six-monthprogramofrehabilitativeexercise,patientsintheexercisegroupwereevaluatedbyaphysicaltherapistforoverallmusclestrength,jointflexibility,andaerobicendurance.Onthebasisofthesefindings,asupervisedprogramofexercisewasdevelopedbythetherapistaccordingtoeachpatientsspecificneeds.Strengtheningexercisesconsistedprimarilyofclosed-chainresistiveactivities（e.g.,bridgingliftingofhipswithkneesflexedinasupineposition,half-squats,andtoeraises）andabdominalexercises（curl-upsandpelvictilts）.Flexibilityexercises,whichemphasizedchestexpansionandthoracicmobility,includedsidestretches,trunktwists,scapulasqueezes,andshoulderrolls.Aerobicexercisesconsistedofwalkingonamotorizedtreadmillorpedalingonabicycleergometer（Cybex,Ronkonkoma,N.Y.）,aswellasarmmovemntsonanergometer（Cybex）.Thedurationandintensityofaerobic-exercisesessionswereincreasedtomeetthepatientstolerance,withagoalofatleast30minutesofcontinuousexerciseatamoderateintensity.材料与方法材料与方法Patientsinitiallyvisitedthecardiac-rehabilitationcliniconetothreeweekly（somewereunabletoattendmorethanonceeachweekbecauseoftransportationdifficulties）andreceivespecificinstructionsforexercisingathome.Thefrequencyofcardiacrehabilitationsessionswasgraduallyreducedtooneeverytwoweeksaspatientsbecamemoreindependentlyinvolvedintheirhomeexerciseprograms.Patientswhohadrejectionwereinstructednottoexerciseuntilafollow-upendomyocardialbiopsyshowedresolutionofrejection,whichusuallyrequiredtwoweeks.材料与方法材料与方法MeasurementsCardiopulmonaryExerciseTestingAllthepatientsunderwentacardiopulmonaryexercisestresstestthatisroutinelyadministeredinourlaboratorywithinonemonthaftercardiactransplantationandagainsixmonthsaftertransplantation.Cardiopulmonaryexercisestresstestswereconductedbybicycleergometry.Duringtesting,theelectrocardiogramwasmonitoredcontinuouslyandthebloodpressurewasmea