英语语言学名词解释1文档格式.docx

英语语言学名词解释1文档格式.docx

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2.psycholinguistics:

thestudyoflanguageprocessing.Itisconcernedwiththeprocessesoflanguageacqisition,comprehensionandproduction.

3.brainlateralization:

Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptivefunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrain.

4.dichoticlistening:

Atechniqueinwhichstimulieitherlinguisticornon-linguisticarepresentedthroughheadphonestotheleftandrighteartodeterminethelateralizationofcognitivefunction.

5.rightearadvantage:

Thephenomenonthattherightearshowsanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignalsidknownastherightearadvantage.

6.splitbrainstudies:

Theexperimentsthatinvestigatetheeffectsofsurgicallyseveringthecorpuscallosumoncognitionarecalledassplitbrainstudies.

7.aphasia:

Itreferstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisordersduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyatumor,anaccidentandsoon.

8.non-fluentaphasia:

Damagetopartsofthebraininfrontofthecentralsulcusiscallednon-fluentaphasia.

9.fluentaphasia:

Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledfluentaphasia.

10.Acquireddyslexia:

Damageinandaroundtheangulargyrusoftheparietallobeoftencausestheimpairmentofreadingandwritingability,whichisreferredtoasacquireddyslexia.

11.phonologicaldyslexia:

itisatypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemstohavelosttheabilitytousespelling-to-soundrules.

12.surfacedyslexia:

itisatypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemsunabletorecognizewordsaswholebutmustprocessallwordsthroughasetofspelling-to-soundrules.

13.spoonerism:

aslipoftongueinwhichthepositionofsounds,syllables,orwordsisreversed,forexample,Let’shavechishandfipsinstendofLet’shavefishandchips.

14.priming:

theprocessthatbeforetheparticipantsmakeadecisionwhetherthestringoflettersisawordornot,theyarepresentedwithanactivatedword.

15.frequencyeffect:

Subjectstakelesstimetomakejudgementonfrequentlyusedwordsthantojudgelesscommonlyusedwords.Thisphenomenoniscalledfrequencyeffect.

16.lexicaldecision:

anexperimentthatletparticipantsjudgewhetherastringofletterisawordornotatacertaintime.

17.theprimingexperiment:

Anexperimentthatletsubjectsjudgewhetherastringoflettersisawordornotaftershowedwithastimulusword,calledprime.

18.primingeffect:

Sincethementalrepresentationisactivatedthroughtheprime,whenthetargetispresented,responsetimeisshorterthatitotherwisewouldhavebeen.Thisiscalledtheprimingeffect.（06F）

19.bottom-upprocessing:

anapproachthatmakesuseprincipallyofinformationwhichisalreadypresentinthedata.

20.top-downprocessing:

anapproachthatmakesuseofpreviousknowledgeandexperienceofthereadersinanalyzingandprocessinginformationwhichisreceived.

21.gardenpathsentences:

asentenceinwhichthecomprehenderassumesaparticularmeaningofawordorphrasebutdiscoverslaterthattheassumptionwasincorrect,forcingthecomprehendertobacktrackandreinterpretthesentence.

22.slipofthetongue:

mistakesinspeechwhichprovidepsycholinguisticevidenceforthewayweformulatewordsandphrases.

Chapter11 

SecondLanguageAcquisition

1.secondlanguageacquisition:

Itreferstothesystematicstudyofhowonepersonacquiresasecondlanguagesubsequenttohisnativelanguage.

2.targetlanguage:

Thelanguagetobeacquiredbythesecondlanguagelearner.

3.secondlanguage:

Asecondlanguageisalanguagewhichisnotanativelanguageinacountrybutwhichiswidelyusedasamediumofcommunicationandwhichisusuallyusedalongsideanotherlanguageorlanguages.

4.foreignlanguage:

Aforeignlanguageisalanguagewhichistaughtasaschoolsubjectbutwhichisnotusedasamediumofinstructioninschoolsnorasalanguageofcommunicationwithinacountry.

5.interlanguage:

Atypeoflanguageproducedbysecondandforeignlanguagelearners,whoareintheprocessoflearningalanguage,andthistypeoflanguageusuallycontainswrongexpressions.

6.fossilization:

Insecondorforeignlanguagelearning,thereisaprocesswhichsometimesoccursinwhichincorrectlinguisticfeaturesbecomeapermanentpartofthewayapersonspeaksorwritesalanguage.

7.contrastiveanalysis:

amethodofanalyzinglanguagesforinstructionalpurposeswherebyanativelanguageandtargetlanguagearecomparedwithaviewtoestablishingpointsofdifferencelikelytoca