国际商务 查尔斯希尔IMChapter03Word文档格式.docx

国际商务 查尔斯希尔IMChapter03Word文档格式.docx

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∙Explainthesignificanceofnationalculturesandsubcultureswithinnations

∙Explaintheculturalroleofreligionanditsinfluenceonthepracticeofbusiness

∙Describethedifferentcomponentsofculture

Thischapterexplorestheroleofcultureininternationalbusiness:

howdifferencesincultureacrossandwithincountriescanaffectthepracticeofbusiness.Thediscussionthenaddressesthemajorquestionsofthechapter:

Whatisculture?

Howdoesitplayitselfoutinsocialstructures,religiousandethicalsystems,language,andeducation?

Theneedforcross-culturalliteracyandanappreciationoftheimpactofcultureoncompetitiveadvantageareexplored.

TheOpeningCaseisonthepracticeofbusinessinSaudiArabia.Theclosingcase,“Mashushita’sandJapan’sChangingCulture,”

DescribeshowchangingnormsandvaluesinJapanareimpactingMasushita’spolicies,especiallyintheareaofHumanRelationsManagement.

OUTLINEOFCHAPTER3:

DIFFRENCESINCULTURE

OpeningCase:

DoingBusinessinSaudiArabia

WhatIsCulture?

ValuesandNorms

Culture,Society,andtheNation-State

TheDeterminantsofCulture

SocialStructure

IndividualsandGroups

SocialStratification

ReligiousandEthicalSystems

Christianity

Islam

Hinduism

Buddhism

Confucianism

Language

SpokenLanguage./UnspokenLanguage

Education

CultureandtheWorkplace

CulturalChange

ImplicationsforBusiness

Cross-CulturalLiteracy

CultureandCompetitiveAdvantage

CultureandBusinessEthics

ChapterSummary

CriticalThinkingandDiscussionQuestions

ClosingCase:

Mashushita’sandJapan’sChangingCulture

TEACHINGSUGGESTIONS

Aneffectivewaytogettheculturediscussiongoingistodrawanicebergontheboard,withoutthewaterline.Aprimitiveapproximationofanicebergisfine.LabelitCulture.Thenaskthequestion,“Whatisculture?

”Dependingontheleveloftheresponse,addthecultureattribute/descriptiontotheiceberg,eitheraboveorbelowwhereyouknowthewaterlinewillbe.So,forexample,religion,education,willbenearthewaterline（observableandweknowthemaboutourselvesandcandescribethemtoanoutsider）.Artifactssuchasliteratureortheoperawillbehigherinthediagram.Hopefully,someonewillmentionsomethingthatislessobservable,suchasthewaywethinkandfeel,ornorms,values,whatseemsright.Thosedescriptorswouldbelowerbecausetheyarenotdirectlyobservableandweareusuallynotawareoftheeffectsofthemonourthinkingandactions.Theyserveasthebasisforassumptionsonwhichwebaseouractions.Whenyouhaveenoughdata,drawinthewaterline.Youthencanleadthediscussiontoobservethatcultureworksbothinwaysofwhichwecanbeaware（abovetheline）andinwaysthatmaynotbeknowntous,asaningrainedpatternofresponse（belowtheline）.

Partofwhatmakesworkingabroad（asanexpatriate）excitingisthatasyoulearnaboutthehostculture,youalsolearnaboutyourown.Ifthereareforeignstudentsorstudentswithforeignexperienceintheclass,perhapsyoucangetsomeexamples.（IneverknewhowindividualistictheUSwasuntil,whileworkinginAlgeria,Iwasoutraged,shockedandangeredthatthewonderfulwomeninafamilywithwhomIwasstayingforanextendedtime,wentthroughmybackpack.TheyfeltthatIwaspartofthegroupandthatthepropertywascommunal.Ifeltmyprivacyviolated!

）

TRANSITION

Thisdiscussioncanbeginwithasurveyofstudents’preconceptionsofSaudiArabia.Togetatthem,askwhattheymightexpectinthewayofculturaldifferenceweretheytogotoSaudiArabia.Thenprobeformorespecificthinkingandapplicationsbyaskinghowthatexpectationwouldplayout/affectbusinesspractices.Forexample,onecommentthatisfrequentinmyNorthAmericanclassesisthatwomeninSaudiArabiaaresecond-classcitizens,basedontheobservationthattheycoveranddonotinteractinpublicwithmen,nordotheydrive.（Ifinditinterestingtopointoutthatmanycontributionsaremorecomplexthanweatfirstrealize.Theobservationisthattheycover,themeaningwemaygiveitisthatthisisasignofinequality,andtheemotionalresponseisthatwedon’tlikethat.）Onceyouhaveanumberofexpectations,youcanaskquestionsthatapplythemtothepracticeofbusinessinSaudiArabia.ThekeyconclusionisthatdoingbusinesstherewillbesubstantiallydifferentfromdoingbusinessinNorthAmerica.

LECTUREOUTLINEFORCHAPTER

ThisteachingoutlinefollowsthePowerPointpresentationprovidedalongwiththisinstructor’smanual.ThePPTslidesincludeextensivenotesthatareprintableunderview—notespage.Whatfollowsisasummary.

Introduction

Thischapter