英语高级视听说下原文Word文件下载.docx

英语高级视听说下原文Word文件下载.docx

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Icouldn'

tgetmybodytostopshaking.Iwastrembling,constantlytrembling.Memoriesofitwouldjustcomeback,reoccurringoverandoverandover,"

subwayconductorBeatrizArguedasrecalls.

LastSept.30,BeatrizwasdrivinghernormalrouteontheRedLineinBostonwhenoneofherworstfearscametopass:

"

Uponenteringoneofthebusieststations,amanjumpedinfrontofmytrain,tocommitsuicide,"

sheexplains.

Beatrizsawthemanjump."

WesortofmadeeyecontactandthenIfeltthethudfromhimhittingthetrainandthenthecracklingsoundunderneaththetrainand,then,ofcourse,myheartstartsthumping,"

sherecalls.

Shecameintoouremergencyroomafterwards,veryupset.Nophysicalinjury.Entirelyapsychologicaltrauma,"

saysDr.RogerPitman,apsychiatristatHarvardMedicalSchoolwhohasstudiedandtreatedpatientswithpost-traumaticstressdisorder,orPTSD,for25years.

They'

recaughtupsomuchwiththispasteventthatit'

sconstantlyintheirmind,"

Pitmanexplains."

relivingitoverandoverandoverasifit'

shappeningagain.Andtheyjustcan'

tgetinvolvedinreallife."

WhenBeatrizarrivedintheemergencyroom,Pitmanenrolledherinanexperimentalstudyofadrugcalledpropranolol,amedicationcommonlyusedforhighbloodpressure...andunofficiallyforstagefright.Pitmanthoughtitmightdosomethingalmostmagical–trickBeatriz’sbrainintomakingaweakermemoryoftheeventshehadjustexperienced.

Inthestudy,whichisstillunderway,halfthesubjectsgetpropranolol;

halfgetaplacebo.

AskedwhetherheknowsifBeatrizgotthedrugortheplacebo,Dr.Pitmansayshehasnoideaandneitherdoesshe,andthattheresearchteamwon'

tknowforanothertwoyears.

IfPitmanisright,theresultscouldfundamentallychangethewayaccidentvictims,rapevictims,evensoldiersaretreatedaftertheyexperiencetrauma.

Thestorybeginswithsomesurprisingdiscoveriesaboutmemory.ItturnsoutourmemoriesaresortoflikeJello–theytaketimetosolidifyinourbrains.Andwhilethey'

resetting,it'

spossibletomakethemstrongerorweaker.Italldependsonthestresshormoneadrenaline.

ThemanwhodiscoveredthisisJamesMcGaugh,aprofessorofneurobiologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.

McGaughstudiesmemoryinrats,andheinvitedStahltowatchthemakingofaratmemory–inthiscasehowaratwho'

sneverbeeninthistankofwaterbeforelearnshowtofindaclearplasticplatformjustbelowthesurface.

He’llswimaroundrandomly,"

McGaughexplains.Theratcannotseetheplatform,sincehiseyesareonthetopofhishead.

Theratwillswimaroundtheedgeforalongtime,untileventuallyheventuresoutandbychancebumpsintotheplatform.Thenextday,he'

llfindtheplatformalittlebitfaster.

Butanotherrat,whohadlearnedwheretheplatformwasthedayprior,andthenreceivedashotofadrenalineimmediatelyafterwards,todayswaminstantlytotheplatform.

Adrenalineactuallymadethisrat'

sbrainrememberbetter,andMcGaughbelievesthesamethinghappensinpeople."

SupposeIsaidtoyou,'

Youknow,I'

vewatchedyourprogramsalotovertheyears,andalthoughitpainsmetohavetotellyouthis,Ithinkyou'

reoneofworstpeopleI'

veeverseenon…nowdon'

ttakeit,don'

ttakeitpersonally,'

McGaughsays.

So,mystresssystemwouldgointooverdrive,noquestion,"

Stahlsays.

Evenwithmytellingyouthatit'

snottrue,there'

snothingtokeepyoufromblushing,fromfeelingwarmallover,"

McGaughpointsout."

That'

stheadrenaline.AndIdaresaythatyou'

regonnaremembermyhavingsaidthatlongafteryou'

veforgottentheotherdetailsofourdiscussionhere.Iguaranteeit."

McGaughsaysthat’swhywerememberimportantandemotionaleventsinourlivesmorethanregularday-to-dayexperiences.Thenextstepinhisresearchwastoseewhatwouldhappenwhenadrenalinewasblocked;

hestartedexperimentingwithpropranolol.

Propranololsitsonthatnervecellandblocksit,sothat,thinkofthisasbeingakey,andthisisalock,theholeinthelockisblockedbecauseofpropranololsittingthere.Soadrenalinecanbepresent,butitcan'

tdoitsjob,"

McGaughexplains.

McGaughshowedStahlathirdratthathadlearnedwheretheplatformwasonthepreviousdayandthenreceivedaninjectionofpropranolol.Thenextday,theratswamaroundtheedge,asifhehadforgottenthereeverwasaplatformoutthere.

AcrossthecountryatHarvard,RogerPitmanreadMcGaugh