《英语写作基础教程》讲义Word格式.docx

《英语写作基础教程》讲义Word格式.docx

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Hekilledtheman.

Hekilledthedog.

Theykilledtheproposal.

Pleasekilltheengine.

Sheisdressedtokill.

Youarekillingme.

Shekilledherchildwithkindness.

Hetookasnacktokillhishungry.

Hekilledeverydayatthepark.

Hekilledhimselfwithoverwork

Hekilledthespiritofthegroup.

Thenewskilledtheirhope.

Theseflowerskilleasily.

HekilledthreebottleofWhiskyinaweek.

Killone’sappetite

Killpeace

Killthemood

Killmarriage

II.Usingwordscorrectly

1.overcomeChinglish

2.Bewareofarchaisms,obsoletewords,anachronismsandnewly-coinedwords

Wordsormeaningofwordswhicharenolongerincommonusedbutoccurinspecialtext（e.g.Religiousworks）andpoetryarecalledarchaic.

Wordsormeaningwhichhavegoneoutofusealtogetherarecalledobsolete.

Wordsthatareinappropriateforthetimeaboutwhichoneiswritingarecalledanachronisms

3.Avoidslang

Chapter2MakeCorrectandEffectiveSentences

1.Basicelementsofasentence

2.whatisasentence?

3.TypicalEnglishsentencepattern:

Subject+predicate

II. 

CharacteristicsofanEffectiveSentence

[1]Correctness

1.Sentencefragment

Agrammaticallycompletesentencehasaverbwithitssubject.Structurallyitmustbeaindependentunit,capableofstandingalone.Fragmentsareincompletesentences.Usually,fragmentsarepiecesofsentencesthathavebecomedisconnectedfromthemainclause,suchasphraseclause,appositivesandothersuchgroupofwords,whenanyofthemiswrittenandpunctuatedasasentence,itiscalledsentencefragment.Belowaresomeexampleswiththefragments:

Fragment（phraseordependentclause）

PossibleRevision

Purdueoffersmanymajorsinengineering.Suchaselectrical,chemical,andindustrialengineering.

Purdueoffersmanymajorsinengineering,suchaselectrical,chemical,andindustrialengineering.

CoachDietzexemplifiedthisbehaviorbywalkingoffthefieldinthemiddleofagame.Leavingherteamatatimewhenweneededher.

CoachDietzexemplifiedthisbehaviorbywalkingoffthefieldinthemiddleofagame,leavingherteamatatimewhenweneededher.

Ineedtofindanewroommate.BecausetheoneIhavenowisn'

tworkingouttoowell.

IneedtofindanewroommatebecausetheoneIhavenowisn'

Thecurrentcitypolicyonhousingisincompleteasitstands.Whichiswhywebelievetheproposedamendmentsshouldbepassed.

Becausethecurrentcitypolicyonhousingisincompleteasitstands,webelievetheproposedammendmentsshouldbepassed.

Fragment-likesentences

Asexclamations

oh!

Nonsense!

Welldone!

Whataday!

Whatapity!

Howkindofyou!

GeorgeinBeijing?

Susanasinger?

Indialogue

A:

howaboutthis?

B:

verygood!

yournameandyouraddress,please.

allright,here

1.A:

whereto?

2.B:

thisway,please.

3.A:

whatthen?

4.B:

nothing.

Astransitions

Andafinalinstance

Toreturnfromourdigression

Now,afewmorewordsaboutthemeetingtoday.

1.Run-onsentence

Arun-onsentenceconsistsoftwoormoremainclausesthatareruntogetherwithoutproperpunctuation.Sometimesevensentenceswhicharetechnicallycorrectareeasiertoreadiftheyaremadeintoshortersentences.Weoftenspeakinrun-onsentences,butwemakepausesandchangeourtonesopeoplecanunderstandus.Butwhenwewrite,noonecanhearus,sosometimeswemustbreakoursentencesintoshorterunitssothattheydonotsoundrun-on.

Incorrect:

Theboyshowedushisticketssomeonegavethemtohim.

Correct:

Theboyshowedushistickets.Someonegavethemtohim.

ARUN-ONSENTENCE（sometimescalleda"

fusedsentence"

）hasatleasttwoparts,eitheroneofwhichcanstandbyitself（inotherwords,twoindependentclauses）,butthetwopartshavebeensmooshedtogetherinsteadofbeingproperlyconnected.

Run-onsentenceshappentypicallyunderthefollowingcircumstances*:

Whenanindependentclausegivesanorderordirectivebasedonwhatwassaidinthepriorindependentclause:

Thisnextchapterhasalotofdifficultinformationinit,youshouldstartstudyingrightaway.

（Wecouldputaperiodwherethatcommaisandstartanewsentence.Asemicolonmightalsoworkthere.）

Whentwoindependentclausesareconnectedbyatransitionalexpression（conjunctiveadverb）suchashowever,moreover,nevertheless.

Mr.Nguyenhassenthisfourchildrentoivy-leaguecolleges,however,hessacrificedhishealthworkingdayandnightinthatdustybakery.

（Again,wherethatfirstcommaap