英语教学法教程知识点总结(1-12单元).doc

英语教学法教程知识点总结(1-12单元).doc

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FLTM:

foreignlanguageteachingmethodologyisasciencewhichstudiestheprocessesandpatternsofforeignlanguageteaching,aimingatrevealingthenaturalandlawsofforeignlanguages.

MajorapproachesinFLT:

Grammar-translationmethod（deductive演绎法）

Directmethod（inductive归纳法）

Audio-lingualmethod

Humanisticapproaches:

thatemphasizethedevelopmentofhumanvalues,growthinself-awarenessandintheunderstandingofothers,sensitivitytohumanfeelingsandemotions,andactivestudentinvolvementinlearningandinthewayhumanlearningtakespalace

Thesilentway

Suggestopedia

Communitylanguagelearning（CLL）

Totalphysicalresponsemethod（TPR）

lThenaturalapproach（NA）

lThecommunicativeapproach（CA）

Anapproachisasetofcorrelativeassumptionsdealingwiththenatureoflanguageteachingadleaning.Approachisaxiomatic.Itdescribesthenatureofthesubjectmattertobtaught.

Methodisanoverallplanfortheorderlypresentationoflanguagematerial,nopartofwhichcontradicts,andallofwhichisbasedupon,theselectedapproach.Anapproachisaxiomatic,amethodisprocedural.Withinoneapproach,therecanbemanymethods.

Atechniqueisimplementation---thatwhichactuallytakesplaceinaclassroom.Itisaparticulartrick,stratagem,orcontrivanceusedtoaccomplishanimmediateobjective.Techniquesmustbconsistentwithamethod,andthereforeIharmonywithanapproachaswell.

Viewsonlanguage:

Structuralview:

thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:

thesoundsystem（phonology）;thediscreteunitsofmeaningproducedbysoundcombinations（morphology）;andthesystemofcombiningunitsofmeaningforcommunication（syntax）.

Functionalview:

thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasalinguisticsystembutalsomeansfordoingthings.Functionalactivities:

offering,suggesting,advising,apologizing,etc.

Internationalview:

considerslanguagetobeacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Therefore,learnersnotonlyneedtoknowthegrammarandvocabularyofthelanguagebutasimportantlytheyneedtoknowtherulesforusingtheminawholerangeofcommunicativecontexts.

Process-orientedtheories:

areconcernedwithhowthemindorganizesnewinformationsuchashabitformation,induction,makinginference,hypothesistestingandgeneralization.

Condition-orientedtheories:

emphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,thekindofinputlearnersreceives,andtheatmosphere.

Behavioristtheory,theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepletionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.

Cognitivetheory,languageisnotaformofbehavior,itisanintricaterule-basedsystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem.

Constructivisttheory,believesthatlearningisaprocessinwhichthelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhathe/shealreadyknows.

Socio-constructivisttheory,similartoconstructivisttheory,socio-constructivisttheoryemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontextbasedontheconceptof“ZoneofProximalDevelopment”（ZPD）andscaffolding.

Ethicdevotion,professionalqualitiesandpersonalstyles

CLT:

communicativelanguageteaching

TBLT:

task-basedlanguageteaching

ThegoalofCLTistodevelopstudents’communicativecompetence,whichincludesboththeknowledgeaboutthelanguageandtheknowledgeabouthowtousethelanguageappropriatelyincommunicativesituations.P16

Hedgediscussesfivemaincomponentsofcommunicativecompetence:

linguisticcompetence,pragmaticcompetence,discoursecompetence,strategiccompetence,andfluency.

HowattproposesaweakandastrongversionofCLT.

Weakversion:

learnersfirstacquirelanguageasastructuralsystemandthenlearnhowtouseitincommunication.---theweakversionregardsovertteachingoflanguageformsandfunctionsasnecessarymeansforhelpinglearnerstodeveloptheabilitytousethemforcommunication.

Strongversion:

languageisacquiredthroughcommunication.Thelearnersdiscoverthestructuralsystemintheprocessofleaninghowtocommunicate.---regardsexperiencesofusingthelanguageasthemainmeansornecessaryconditionsforlearningalanguageastheyprovidetheexperienceforlearnerstoseehowlanguageisusedincommunication.

Communicativeactivities:

P24

Tasksareactivitieswherethetargetlanguageisusedbytheleanerforacommunicativepurpose（goal）inordertoachieveanoutcome.

Fourcomponentsofatask:

apurpose,acontext,aprocess,andaproduct

Tasksfocusonthecompleteactofcommunication.