江西中考英语专项复习之定语从句和有关习题无答案Word下载.docx
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好多漂亮的女孩儿manybeautifulgirls
好多漂亮又聪明的女孩儿manybeautifulandsmartgirls
1.通过翻译进行总结定语的含义:
漂亮的beautiful,好多漂亮的manybeautiful,好多漂亮又聪明的manybeautifulandsmart,这些形容词都是对名词,女孩儿girl的修饰,用来说明女孩儿的数量及所具备的特征。
这类词我们称之为定语,定语的作用就是解释、说明名词或代词。
2.定语从句:
简单理解,即用一个句子来修饰、说明或解释主句中的定语,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
3.拓展:
关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词,一般起到引导定语从句;
代替先行词;
在定语从句中担当一个成分等三个作用。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,whose,as
等;
关系副词:
where,when,why等。
二、定语从句的类型
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone.
(2)yesterdayihelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.liistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)Mr.Wangisjusttheboywhomiwanttosee.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)whereisthewomanthat/whomisawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
(二)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)we'
llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)we'
llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:
1.
含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t)
(2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(f)
2.
若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;
指物时用which,不能用that;
关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t)
(2)themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(f)
(3)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.(t)
(4)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.(f)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof
whichhavegonebad.
(3)therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
解答"
介词+关系代词"
类型的定语从句题时,关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。
这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形,并要灵活运用。
例如:
inthedarkstreet,therewasn'
tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
简析:
本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语"
turntosb.forhelp(向某人求助)"
。
所以,d是正确选项。
(三)关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametotheschool.
(2)thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)shanghaiisthecitywhereiwasborn.
(2)thehousewhereilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)idon'
tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereiwasborn.
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"
介词+which"
结构,因此常常和"
结构交替使用,例如:
thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。
isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
三.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例:
(1)theteachertoldmethattomwastheonlypersonthaticoulddependon.
(2)chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1)hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)china,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1)hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)
难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything,everything,