马斯洛需求层次理论外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

马斯洛需求层次理论外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

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马斯洛需求层次理论外文翻译@#@外文翻译@#@原文：

@#@@#@Maslow’sHierarchyofNeeds@#@Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsisavaluableassessmenttoolthatisusedinmanydifferentprofessions,particularlythoseinthefieldsofeducationandhealthcare.Theideasofneedsareaddressedinorder,asthebodyresolvesthemostbasicneedsforsurvivalbeforemovingontomorecomplexneeds.@#@ManyeducationalprogramsinthehealthcarefieldteachMaslow’shierarchyinordertoaddresstheneedsofpatientsandwheretheyareintheirlifefromapsychologicalperspective,simplybecauseithelpsidentifyandaddresstheneedsofthoseparticularpatients.@#@Theideaofusingahierarchypyramidhelpsustolayoutthestagesofneed,startingwiththebaseofthepyramid,whichlooksatphysiologicalneeds.Asweworkourwayupthepyramid,theneedsstarttobecomemorecomplex,andincludesafetyneeds,socialneeds,esteemneeds,andfinally,attheverytop,wehaveself-actualization.ThisarticleexploresthetheoriesofAbrahamMaslowindetail,aswellasaddressesthecontroversiesthathavebeenquestionedinhistheory.ThisarticlewillalsoevaluatetheimpactofthesetheoriesonhumanbehaviorandassesseachofthecomponentscomprisedwithinMaslow’sHierarchyPyramid.@#@PhysiologicalNeeds@#@Physiologicalneedsareinfluencedgenerallythroughthecravingsthatwehave.Ifapersonisthirsty,heorshefindsadrinkingfountain.Similarly,iftheindividualishungry,heorshewillfindfood.Ifthebodyisbeingdeprivedofoxygen,itwillsurelyreact.Ifthereisavitamindeficiency,thebodyhassubtlewaysoffulfillingthatneed.@#@Oneexampleofhowthebodyregulatesitselfonaphysiologicallevelisbyhomeostasis.Homeostasissimplymeanstoregulate.Apartofthehumanbrain,calledthehypothalamus,playsanimportantroleinkeepingthebodyregulatedbycontrollingthebody’sthermostat,whichiscontrolledbythereleaseofseveralhormonescalledgonadotropins.@#@Anotherprimeexampleisthereleaseofthe“fightorflight”hormonesthataresecretedbytheadrenalmedullaoftheadrenalglands.Ifthereisaneedforthebodytodefenditself,thesehormoneswillsurgeintoactiontopreparethebodyforfightorflight.Thesehormones,althoughtheyplayanimportantrole,arekeptincompliancebyregulatorymechanismswithinthebrain.@#@Throughoutlife,theideaofphysiologicalneedsremainsconsistent.Theneedtomaintainadequatephysiologicalbalancewillalwaysbeessential,andmaykickintoactioninverydifferentwaysatvariousdifferenttimes,whethertheindividualsexperiencingitareawareofitornot.Forexample,howwouldanyoneevergetagoodnight’ssleepiftheyhadtoliterallythinkabouttheirbreathingpattern,heartrateorbloodpressureonaconsciouslevel?

@#@Suresomepeoplemayhavetogetupduringthenighttousetherestroomorgrabaglassofwater,butrememberthatthisisallpartofhowthebodyregulatesitself.@#@Thenotionthatphysiologicalneedstieintoother,morecomplexneedsofthehierarchyisveryrelevant.Maslowbelievedthatoncethephysiologicalneedsaremetinsufficientdetail,peoplemoveontoaddressthesemorecomplexneeds.Safetyandsecuritymakeupthenextplatformofthepyramid.@#@SafetyNeeds@#@Muchlikephysiologicalneedsrequiremaintenancethroughoutlife,sodoestheneedtofeelsecure.Thisneedismorepsychological.Withthatbeingsaid,safetyneedsmaybedifferentforeachindividual,dependingonwhereheorsheisinlife.Forachild,thisneedmaymanifestastheneedforasafefamilyenvironment.Therehastobesecurityinthehome,withwarmthandlove.Whenafamilyisdysfunctional,itmakesitdifficultforthatchildtomoveuptothenextlevelofsocialneedsbecausefearisoftenpresent.@#@Foradults,thisneedmaybeeconomicinnature.Ifapersonloseshisorherjob,forexample,fearandanxietywillhaveanimpactonthatperson’ssociallife,andmaycausehimorhertoregress.Additionally,adultsarenotimmunetotheneedofsafety.Insomepartsoftheworld,wherethereischaos,peoplearestuckatthislevelofneedingtofeelsafe.Thegoalofconsistentlymeetingtheneedforsafetyistohavestabilityinone’slife.Itistheideaofbeingabletowalkaroundtheblockatnightwithouttheworryofbeingmugged.@#@BelongingNeeds@#@Advancingupthehierarchypyramid,thenextlevelrepresentstheneedtobelongonasociallevel.Thesociallevelgenerallybecomesthepriorityonlyafterthephysiologicalandsafetyneedshavebeensufficientlymetandmaintained.Asenseofbelongingcanbefeltwhenanindividualbecomesmorefocusedonthedesiretobuildrelationshipswithothers.Thisincludesthedesireforaromanticpartner,tohaveclosefriends,andmaybetogetmarriedandhavechildren.@#@Asenseoraneedtobelong,atanystage,isinfluencedbyseveralfactors.Someofthese