高考英语一轮复习学案专题10定语从句Word文件下载.doc
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关系副词
as指人、物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when指时间,在从句中作时间状语
where指地点,在从句中作地点状语
why指原因,在从句中作原因状语
(1)Theman(whom/who/that)mymothersawinthestreetismyteacher.
(2)Thebookwhich/thattellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.
(3)Shelivesinahousewhosewindowsfacessouth.
(4)DoyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanEnglishteacher?
(5)Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.
(6)I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmy.
(7)Iwon’tforgetthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworked.
(8)Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
1、当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,anything,everything,none,nothing,noone,some等时。
Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.
2、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,last,few,just等修饰时。
Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.
3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.
4、当先行时前有such或thesame修饰时,先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时,
Latertheytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时,
Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?
7、在同一个句子里,若有两个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用了which,另一个宜用that.
Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
(只限于限制性定语从句中)
Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.
9、当先行词是集体名词时,多用that,
Hewantstojointheteamthatwonthegame.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词,且可省略。
Idon’tliketheway(that)hetalkstome.
三、只用which不用that时情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时:
Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.
2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。
ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunlived.
3、先行词本身是that时:
What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?
4、先行词后有插入语时,
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
5、which用作表语,指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。
Heisanengineer,whichIamnot。
关系代as:
在限制性定语从句中用在such,thesame,as,so之后,as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。
Ihavethesamebookasyou(have). Takeasmanyasyouwant.
Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift. Thisissuchabookaswasgiventome.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Haveyoureceivedthebook(that)Isentyoulastweek?
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语,而这个介词又在句末时。
Thisistheartist(whom)Ispoketoyouabout.
注意:
关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不能省略。
五、带介词的定语从句
1、固定词组,介词置于后,关系代词使用灵活。
Thisisthechild(whom/who/that)sheislookingafter.
2、非固定词组,介词位置灵活,关系代词使用严格。
Theman(whom/who/that)Ispoketoisafriendofmine.
ThemantowhomIspokeisafriendofmine.
3、介词词组(关系代词远离先行词)
Infrontof,ontopof,atthefootof,withthehelpof,asaresultof.
Westandinabuildinginfrontofwhichstandsalab.
Wearrivedatahill,ontopofwhichstoodatower.
4、代词/数词+of+关系代词
Hehaswrittenmanybooks,mostofwhichareforchildren.
Wehavemanystudents,twoofwhomhavewonprizesofinternationalcompetitions.
5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词:
Hehaswrittenmanybooks,ofwhichmostareinChinese.
6、介词+whose修饰后面的名词:
HeistheverymaninwhosepocketIfoundmylostmoney.
六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
·
限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。
如果没有它,主句的意思就不完整,这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,在口语中前后没有停顿。
Heisthemanwhosefatherdiedlastweek.
ThatisthereasonwhyIdidn’topenthedoor.
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用,省略后也不影响全句的意思,非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句,它和主句之间常用逗号隔开,朗读时前后有停顿。
IliveinBeijingwheremyparentsworkedtenyearsago.
Hissister,whoworksinWuHan,iscomingtoseehimtomorrow.
七、as引导非限制性定语从句与which的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时,可以指代整个主句的内容,as和which可以换用。
Helefther,as/whichwasstrange.
2、as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句可置于句首,句中和句尾。
Aseveryoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.
Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时,常用as作主语。
asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/disused等。
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.
4、as引导非限制性定语从句,有“正如”的含义,因此,下列句式中多用as:
ashasbeensaidabove asanybodycansee aswehadexpected as(it)appears
Thingsarenotalwaysastheyappear.
5、which引导非限制定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句只能置于句尾。
Thedecisionwaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.
6、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的一个词(先行词)从句置于先行词后,可在句中或句尾。
Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.
7、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句的谓语带有宾语,有的还带宾语补足语。
Afterthatthingsimproved,whichastonishedme.
Waterchangesintosteam,whichisknowntobeaphysicalchange.
8、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句意思可与主句相反,即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。
HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.
Hewasmarriedagain,whichwasune