福建省永春县第一中学学年高一暑假作业英语文档格式.docx
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第一节:
共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分
A
Whatstepscancityofficials,pedestrians(行人)anddriverstaketoreducethenumberofaccidents?
Thephysicsiseasy:
Slowerspeedssavelives.Thecultureisharder—butit’schanging.
Withmorethan250trafficdeathseachyearinNewYorkCity,“WeatCityHalldon’tacceptthisreality,”MayorBilldeBlasiotoldNewYorkersonTuesday.“Somanypeoplelosttheirlivesthatwecouldhavesaved.”Thegoodnewsisthatsavinglivesonthestreetsisnotdifficult.Thebetternewsisthatpeoplearestartingtodemand(要求)thatthecitysavelives—evenatthecostofdrivers’convenience.
What,orratherwho,killsNewYorkers—especiallyseniorsandchildren—astheycrossthestreet?
Driverswhospeed,anddriverswhodon’tpayattention.Five-yearworthofNewYorkcrashdatashowsthat“dangerousdriverchoicesarethecontributingfactorin70%ofpedestriandeaths,”thecityreportedthisweek.Andin53percentofpedestriandeaths,thepedestrianswerefollowingalltherules—crossingonacrosswalkwiththelight,forexample,orsometimesjuststandingonthesidewalk.Butadriverwhowasinattentiveorspeedingorwhofailedtoyield(给……让路)hitandkilledthemanyway.
ThebiggeststepthatthemayorcorrectlyputforwardonTuesday,then,wastolowerandenforce(实施)speedlimits.Thehardpart,though,willbeenforcement.Policeofficerscanwritespeedingtickets,andhavebeendoingso.Butticket-writingconsumesofficers’attention.Aspeedermayfaceanofficerinoneblockbutnotthenext.
That’swhythemayoralsowantsAlbanytoallowthecitytoputinplacemorespeedcamerasthanthe20NewYorkalreadyhas.Inthiswaypoliceresources(警力)willbeabletofocusonotherdangerousbehaviors,includingtruckdriverswhocomeintothecitywithoutenoughmirrorsanddriverswhotalkoncellphonesortext.
Themostimportantfactorinsavinglives,though,isachangingculture—which,inturn,isaffectingpolitical(政治的)will.Thecarandtruckonceruledtheroad,andpeople,evenincrowdedcityenvironments,weresupposedtogetoutofdrivers’way.
Now,moreandmorepeoplearewalkingorbicycling(oftenbeforeorafterasubwayorbusride).NewYorkersexpecttobeabletoraisechildrenhereorgrowoldheresafely,evenifthatmeansasmallnumberofdriversmustdosomorepatiently.
21.Facingthedataoftrafficdeaths,MayorBill_____.
A.feltregret
B.hadhisdoubtsC.seemedconfused
D.soundedsurprised
22.Whatcanbeinferredfromthecityreport?
A.Driversmadedangerouschoicesonpurpose.
B.Obeyingtrafficruleswouldensureyoursafety.
C.Somedriversmadeacontributiontotrafficsafety.
D.Somepedestrianswerepartlytoblamefortheirdeaths.
23.Amongthefollowingenforcementmeasuresofspeedlimits,themayordisapprovesof_____.
A.educating
B.ticket-writingC.speedcameras
D.policeresources
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredtobeasignofthechangingculture?
A.Motorvehiclesaredisappearing.
B.Morepeoplearewalkingorbicycling.
C.Cityenvironmentsaregettingmorelivable.
D.NewYorkersarepayingmoreattentiontoeducation.
B
Blue-eyedpeoplehavebeenlivinginEuropeforatleast7,000years,scientistshavediscovered.
AmanwholivedontheIberianPeninsulabeforeEuropeansbecamefarmersprobablyhadblueeyesbutdarkhairandskin,accordingtoscientistswhohavesequenced(排序)hisDNA.Thissurprisingcombinationofeye,hairandskincoloringmaynothavebeenunusualduringhislifetime,butitisnolongerseenamongmodernEuropeans,theteamreportedSundayinthejournalNature.
Theman,aNeolithichunter-gathererknowntoscientistsasLaBrañ
a1,isofgreatinteresttoscientistsbecauseheoffersaphotographofwhatwasinEuropeans’DNAbeforeagriculture(农业)spreadthroughthecontinent.Expertshaveunderstoodthatcertaingenetic(基因的)featuresspreadquicklyamonghumansaftertheyledthefarminglifestyle.LaBrañ
a1showsthatatleastsomeoftheirexpectationswerecorrect.
Theman’sskeleton,alongwiththatofamalecompanion,wasdiscoveredin2006inacaveinwhatisnownortheasternSpain.Thesite,knownasLaBrañ
a-Arintero,sitsabout5,000feetabovesealevel,andthecaveprovidedacold,refrigerator-likeenvironmentthatpreservedhisDNA.
Inthelab,scientistswereabletotakeoutenoughDNAfromasingletoothtoreconstructLaBrañ
a1’sentiregenome(基因组).TheycomparedittotheDNAofotherancientEuropeansanddeterminedthathewasaclosermatchwithhunter-gatherersthanwithfarmers.
WhenitcametogenesthatwouldinfluenceLaBrañ
a1’sappearance,theresearchersfoundthattheir7,000-year-oldsubjecthadversionsoftwoskinpigment(色素)genesthatareeitherver