外文文献—MySQL数据库.docx

外文文献—MySQL数据库.docx

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附录文献翻译

附录一中英文翻译

DevelopmenttoolsintroductionMySQL

SimpleIntroduction

TheMySQLdatabasehasbecometheworld'smostpopularopensourcedatabasebecauseofitshighperformance,highreliabilityandeaseofuse.ItisalsothedatabaseofchoiceforanewgenerationofapplicationsbuiltontheLAMPstackLinux,Apache,MySQL,PHP/Perl/Python.Manyoftheworld'slargestandfastest-growingorganizationsincludingFacebook,Google,Adobe,AlcatelLucentandZapposrelyonMySQLtosavetimeandmoneypoweringtheirhigh-volumeWebsites,business-criticalsystemsandpackagedsoftware.

MySQLrunsonmorethan20platformsincludingLinux,Windows,MacOS,Solaris,IBMAIX,givingyouthekindofflexibilitythatputsyouincontrol.Whetheryou'renewtodatabasetechnologyoranexperienceddeveloperorDBA,MySQLoffersacomprehensiverangeofdatabasetools,support,trainingandconsultingservicestomakeyousuccessful.

2.JavaandtheInternet

IfJavais,infact,yetanothercomputerprogramminglanguage,youmayquestionwhyitissoimportantandwhyitisbeingpromotedasarevolutionarystepincomputerprogramming.Theanswerisn’timmediatelyobviousifyou’recomingfromatraditionalprogrammingperspective.AlthoughJavaisveryusefulforsolvingtraditionalstand-aloneprogrammingproblems,itisalsoimportantbecauseitwillsolveprogrammingproblemsontheWorldWideWeb.

2.1Client-sideprogramming

TheWeb’sinitialserver-browserdesignprovidedforinteractivecontent,buttheinteractivitywascompletelyprovidedbytheserver.Theserverproducedstaticpagesfortheclientbrowser,whichwouldsimplyinterpretanddisplaythem.BasicHTMLcontainssimplemechanismsfordatagathering:

text-entryboxes,checkboxes,radioboxes,listsanddrop-downlists,aswellasabuttonthatcanonlybeprogrammedtoresetthedataontheformor“submit”thedataontheformbacktotheserver.ThissubmissionpassesthroughtheCommonGatewayInterfaceCGIprovidedonallWebservers.ThetextwithinthesubmissiontellsCGIwhattodowithit.Themostcommonactionistorunaprogramlocatedontheserverinadirectorythat’stypically

called“cgi-bin.”IfyouwatchtheaddresswindowatthetopofyourbrowserwhenyoupushabuttononaWebpage,youcansometimessee“cgi-bin”withinallthegobbledygookthere.Theseprogramscanbewritteninmostlanguages.Perlisacommonchoicebecauseitisdesignedfortextmanipulationandisinterpreted,soitcanbeinstalledonanyserverregardlessofprocessororoperatingsystem.

ManypowerfulWebsitestodayarebuiltstrictlyonCGI,andyoucaninfactdonearlyanythingwithit.However,WebsitesbuiltonCGIprogramscanrapidlybecomeoverlycomplicatedtomaintain,andthereisalsotheproblemofresponsetime.TheresponseofaCGIprogramdependsonhowmuchdatamustbesent,aswellastheloadonboththeserverandtheInternet.Ontopofthis,startingaCGIprogramtendstobeslow.TheinitialdesignersoftheWebdidnotforeseehowrapidlythisbandwidthwouldbeexhaustedforthekindsofapplicationspeopledeveloped.Forexample,anysortofdynamicgraphingisnearlyimpossibletoperformwithconsistencybecauseaGIFfilemustbecreatedandmovedfromtheservertotheclientforeachversionofthegraph.Andyou’venodoubthaddirectexperiencewithsomethingassimpleasvalidatingthedataonaninputform.Youpressthesubmitbuttononapage;thedataisshippedbacktotheserver;theserverstartsaCGIprogramthatdiscoversanerror,formatsanHTMLpageinformingyouoftheerror,andthensendsthepagebacktoyou;youmustthenbackupapageandtryagain.Notonlyisthisslow,it’sinelegant.

Thesolutionisclient-sideprogramming.MostmachinesthatrunWebbrowsersarepowerful

enginescapableofdoingvastwork,andwiththeoriginalstaticHTMLapproachtheyaresittingthere,justidlywaitingfortheservertodishupthenextpage.Client-sideprogrammingmeansthattheWebbrowserisharnessedtodowhateverworkitcan,andtheresultfortheuserisamuchspeedierandmoreinteractiveexperienceatyourWebsite.

Theproblemwithdiscussionsofclient-sideprogrammingisthattheyaren’tverydifferentfromdiscussionsofprogrammingingeneral.Theparametersarealmostthesame,buttheplatformisdifferent:

aWebbrowserislikealimitedoperatingsystem.Intheend,youmuststillprogram,andthisaccountsforthedizzyingarrayofproblemsandsolutionsproducedbyclient-sideprogramming.Therestofthissectionprovidesanoverviewoftheissuesandapproachesinclient-sideprogramming.

2.2Plug-ins

Oneofthemostsignificantstepsforwardinclient-sideprogrammingisthedevelopmentoftheplug-in.Thisisawayforaprogrammertoaddnewfunctionalitytothebrowserbydownloadingapieceofcodethatplugsitselfint