外文翻译用港口物流及供应链管理方法来评价港口绩效节选Word文档格式.docx

外文翻译用港口物流及供应链管理方法来评价港口绩效节选Word文档格式.docx

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本科毕业论文外文翻译

外文题目：

Alogisticsandsupplychainmanagementapproachtoportperformancemeasurement

出处：

MARIT.POL.MGMT

作者：

KhalidBichouandRichardGray

原文：

Alogisticsandsupplychainmanagementapproachtoportperformancemeasurement

ByKhalidBichouandRichardGray

MARIT.POL.MGMT

2004VOL.31,NO.1,47–67

ABSTRACT

Althoughthereiswidespreadrecognitionofthepotentialofportsaslogisticscentres,widelyacceptedperformancemeasurementsforsuchcentreshaveyettobedeveloped.Theessenceoflogisticsandsupplychainmanagementisanintegrativeapproachtotheinteractionofdifferentprocessesandfunctionswithinafirmextendedtoanetworkoforganizationsforthepurposeofcostreductionandcustomersatisfaction.Thelogisticsapproachoftenadoptsacosttrade-offanalysisbetweenfunctions,processesandevensupplychains.Thisapproachcouldbebeneficialtoportefficiencybydirectingportstrategytowardsrelevantvalue-addedlogisticsactivities.Thispaperseekstoshowthatthroughconceptualizingportsfromalogisticsandsupplychainmanagementapproach,itispossibletosuggestarelevantframeworkofportperformance.Aproposedframeworkistestedinasurveyofportmanagersandotherinternationalexperts.

Introduction

Measuresofportefficiencyorperformanceindicatorsuseadiverserangeoftechniquesforassessmentandanalysis,butalthoughmanyanalyticaltoolsandinstrumentsexist,aproblemariseswhenonetriestoapplythemtoarangeofportsandterminals.Portsareverydissimilarandevenwithinasingleportthecurrentorpotentialactivitiescanbebroadinscopeandnature,sothatthechoiceofanappropriatetoolofanalysisisdifficult.Organizationaldissimilarityconstitutesaseriouslimitationtoenquiry,notonlyconcerningwhattomeasurebutalsohowtomeasure.Furthermore,theconceptofefficiencyisvagueandprovesdifficulttoapplyinatypicalportorganizationextendingacrossproduction,tradingandserviceindustries.

Portshaveanimportantroletoplayintheintegrationofallthreetypesofchannel.Therearemanyorganizationsoccupied（orpotentiallyoccupied）withlogisticsandsupplychainintegrationwithinandaroundports,mainlyintheroleoflogisticschannelfacilitators（oceancarriers,land-basedcarriers,portoperators,freightforwarders,portagents,etc.）,butalsoaspublicinstitutionssuchasCustomsauthorities.Thispaperseekstoadoptanapproachthatincorporateswithinavalidframeworkofanalysisexistingmeasuresofportperformanceandefficiency,theassociationofportswithlogisticsandsupplychainmanagement,andappropriatemeasuresoflogisticsandsupplychainmanagementefficiency.

Backgroundliterature

Portperformanceandefficiency

UNCTADsuggeststwocategoriesofportperformanceindicators:

macroperformanceindicatorsquantifyingaggregateportimpactsoneconomicactivity,andmicroperformanceindicatorsevaluatinginput/outputratiomeasurementsofportoperations.Inthispaper,wefocusonthemicrolevel.Variousreferences,particularlyUNCTADmonographs,providearangeofportindicatorsbyratiotypeandcategoryofoperation.Therearemanywaysofmeasuringportefficiencyorproductivity,althoughreducibletothreebroadcategories:

physicalindicators,factorproductivityindicators,andeconomicandfinancialindicators.Physicalindicatorsgenerallyrefertotimemeasuresandaremainlyconcernedwiththeship（e.g.shipturnaroundtime,shipwaitingtime,berthoccupancyrate,workingtimeatberth）.Sometimes,coordinationwithlandmodesoftransportismeasured,e.g.cargodwelltimeorthetimeelapsedbetweencargobeingunloadedfromashipuntilitleavestheport.Factorproductivityindicatorsalsotendtofocusonthemaritimesideoftheport,forexampletomeasurebothlabourandcapitalrequiredtoloadorunloadgoodsfromaship.Similarly,economicandfinancialindicatorsareusuallyrelatedtotheseaaccess;

forexample,operatingsurplusortotalincomeandexpenditurerelatedtogrossregisteredtonnes（GRT）ornetregisteredtonnes（NRT）,orchargepertwentyfootequivalentunit（TEU）.Portimpactsontheeconomyaresometimesmeasuredtoassesstheeconomicandsocialimpactsofaseaportonitsrespectivehinterlandorforeland.Theresultsmaybeprovidedinportstatistics,e.g.theportofRotterdamorbyresearchinstitutessuchasISEMARinFrance.

Manyports,particularlythoseinurbanareas,haveinadequateland-sideconnections.Land-sideefficiencyalsoneedstobeaddressedwhenwaysaresoughttoexpandportcapacity.Portcapacityisdifficulttomeasureoreventodefine.Itis,nevertheless,likelytobeeasierforaporttomakebetteruseofexistingcapacityratherthansubsidizenewtransportinfrastructure.Alogisticsandsupplychainap