英美概况知识点总结(吐血编写)Word下载.doc
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West:
PacificOcean
Area:
6%oftheEarth≈thewholeEurope
(三大河流体系)ThethreeriversystemsintheUSAare:
thesystemoftheGulfofMexico,thesystemoftheAtlanticOceanandthesystemofthePacificOcean.
(三大山脉)threegreatmountainranges:
theAppalachianMountains,theRockyMountainsandtheGreatCordilleraMountainRange.
(thePacific河流体系的两大河流)theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiver.
(美国/世界最长的河流)theMississippiRiveristhemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf.
TheRockyMountains(落基山脉)are“thebackboneofthecontinent”.
Greatlake(美国五大湖)TheyarelocatedinthenortheastpartofAmerica.由西至东:
LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario.
(黄石国家公园)YellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming/(大峡谷)GrandCanyon/
Threebasicgeographicalareasorsurfaceregions:
1)TheAtlanticSeacoastandtheAppalachianMountainsintheeast
EasternCoastalPlain;
Thefirst13colonies:
1624,Virginia1629,NewHampshire1632,Maryland
1662,Connecticut1663,RhodeIsland1664,NewYork1664,NewJersey1681,Pennsylvania
1682,Delaware1691,Massachusetts1713,NorthCarolina1713,SouthCarolina1732,Georgia
2)ThegreatMississippiRiverValleyinthemiddle
BetweenAppalachianandtheRockyMountains,2,000kmfromeasttowest
ChicagoGreatPlain:
westpartofMississippiValley
3)TheRockieswesttothePacificOcean
RockyMountains:
thebackboneofthecontinent
YellowStoneNationalPark,
HooverDamLasVegas,thegamblingcity
DeathValley:
85mbelowthesealevel,thelowestplacewiththehighesttemperatureinAmerica
Thehighestpoint:
DenaliinAlaska(20,320feet)
SiliconValley–thecenterofAmerica’selectronicindustry
Threeriversystems:
oneoftheGulfofMexico,oneoftheAtlanticOcean,oneofthePacificOcean
MississippiRiver:
thethirdlongestriverintheworld(NileRiver,AmazonRiver)“FatherofWaters”
LakeSuperior:
thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindintheworld(onlyafterthelargestinlandlakeCaspianSea–saltwaterlake)
LakeMichiganiswhollywithintheUSA
NiagaraFalls:
LakeErie&
LakeOntario
GreatSaltLake:
thelargestinlandsaltlakeinNorthAmerica
ThreemountainrangesTheAppalachianMountains,TheRockyMountains,TheGreatCordilleraMountain
People:
Europeanorigin:
80%MeltingpotIndians:
originalinhabitants
NationalAnthem:
theStar-SpangledBanner
NationalFlag:
TheStarsandStripes
Attheleftsideonthetop:
bluebackgroundwithwhitestars–9linesofstars(six,five);
13stripes:
redandwhite;
red–bravery,white–freedom,blue–loyaltyandjustice
Fiftystars:
fiftystates;
thirteenstripes:
thirteencolonies
SurveyofUK(=theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)
NorthwesternEuropeTothenorthofFrance,thewestoftheNetherlands,DenmarkandNorway
Composition(Capital):
England(London),Scotland(Edinburgh),Wales(Cardiff),NorthernIreland(Belfast)
Geographicfeatures:
TheHighlandZone:
northandwest
TheLowlandZone:
southandsoutheast
ThePennineshasbeencalled“thebackboneofEngland”.
(第一长河流)SevernRiver(第二长河流)ThamesRiver
(最大的内陆湖)LoughNeaghwhichislocatedinNorthernIreland.
Weather:
Dreary,theraininprotracteddrizzlebutnotinheavyshowers.Lackofsunshine:
overcastskiesandfog
FactorsinfluencingEnglishweather
A.theshoresoftheBritishIsles:
warmstreamNorthAtlanticDrift北大西洋暖流
B.westerlywindbelt:
thewestwindfromtheAtlanticOceanismildandmoist西风带
C.theconfigurationofBritain,particularlynumerousinletsmakeoceanicinfluencespenetratemoreeffectively
GodSavetheQueen(King).Theanthemdemonstratesthespiritofthesocialsystemintermsofconstitutionalmonarchy.
UnionJack:
combinesthecrossesofSt.George,St.Andrew,andSt.Patrick
(England)St.George’scrosswasrectangular,redonawhitebackground
(Scotland)St.Andrew’scrosswasdiagonal,whiteonabluebackground
(Ireland)St.Patrick’scrosswasredonawhitebackground
People:
Anglo-Saxons,Celts
BritishHistory:
RomanOccupation(55B.C.–410)
55B.C.,theRomansunderJuliusCaesarinvadedBritain;
influenceCeltic
43A.D.:
successfulinvasionFailedtoconquerScotland
Builttwogreatwalls:
Hadrian’sWall,AntonineWall
InfluenceTheinvasionmarkedthebeginningofEnglishrecordedhistory.
Romancivilization:
baths,temples,amphitheatres,roads,cultivation,organizedgovernment,towns,minerals(lead,iron,pottery)Newreligion:
Christianity
NoimpactonthelanguageorculturebecauseRomansalways