英文summary写作范例Word格式.doc

英文summary写作范例Word格式.doc

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Article@#@ChildrenMustbeTaughttoTellRightfromWrong@#@WilliamKilpatrick@#@Manyoftoday’syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimension（道德层面）totheiractions.Thereareanumberofreasonswhythat’strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschews（回避）teachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.Thatfailedapproach,called“decision-making,”wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.Ittellschildrentodecideforthemselveswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Itreplaced“charactereducation.（品格教育）”Charactereducationdidn’taskchildrentoreinventthemoralwheel（浪费时间重新发明早已存在的道德标准）;@#@instead,itencouragedthemtopracticehabitsofcourage,justiceandself-control.@#@Inthe1940s,whenacharactereducationapproachprevailed,teachersworriedaboutstudentschewinggum;@#@todaytheyworryaboutrobberyandrape.@#@Decision-makingcurriculumsposethorny（棘手的）ethicaldilemmastostudents,leavingthemwiththeimpressionthatallmoralityisproblematicandthatallquestionsofrightandwrongareindispute.Youngstersareforcedtoquestionvaluesandvirtuesthey’veneveracquiredinthefirstplaceoruponwhichtheyhaveonlyatenuous（薄弱的）hold.Theassumptionbehindthismethodisthatstudentswillarriveatgoodmoralconclusionsifonlytheyaregiventhechance.Buttheactualresultismoralconfusion.@#@Forexample,arecentnationalstudyof1,700sixth-toninth-gradersrevealedthatamajorityofboysconsideredrapetobeacceptableundercertainconditions.Astoundingly,manyofthegirlsagreed.@#@Thiskindofmoralilliteracyisfurtherencouragedbyvalues-education（价值观教育）programsthatarelittlemorethancoursesinself-esteem（自尊）.Theseprogramsarebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatachildwhofeelsgoodabouthimselforherselfwon’twanttodoanythingwrong.Butitisjustasreasonabletomakeanoppositeassumption:

@#@namely,thatachildwhohasuncriticalself-regardwillconcludethatheorshecan’tdoanythingbad.@#@Suchnaiveself-acceptanceresultsinlargepartfromthenon-directive（无指导性的）,non-judgmental（无是非观的）,as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choicesmentality（思想）thathaspervaded（渗透）publiceducationforthelasttwoandone-halfdecades.Manyoftoday’sdrugeducation,sexeducationandvalues-educationcoursesarebasedonthesame1960sphilosophythathelpedfueltheexplosioninteendruguseandsexualactivityinthefirstplace.@#@Meanwhile,whileeducatorsarestillfiddlingwith（胡乱摆弄）outdated“feel-good”approaches,NewYork,Washington,andLosAngelesareburning.Youngstersareleavingschoolbelievingthatmattersofrightandwrongarealwaysmerelysubjective.Ifyoupassastrangeronthestreetanddecidetomurderhimbecauseyouneedmoney—ifitfeelsright—yougowiththatfeeling.Clearly,murderisnottaughtinourschools,butsuchaconclusion—justaboutanyconclusion—canbereachedandjustifiedusingthedecision-makingmethod.@#@Itistimetoconsign（寄出）thefads（风尚）of“decision-making”and“non-judgmentalism”totheashheapoffailedpolicies,andreturntoaprovedmethod.Charactereducationprovidesamuchmorerealisticapproachtomoralformation.Itisbuiltonanunderstandingthatwelearnmoralitynotbydebatingitbutbypracticingit.@#@Sample@#@Summaryof“ChildrenMustbeTaughttoTellRightfromWrong”@#@Inhisessay“ChildrenMustbeTaughttoTellRightfromWrong,”WilliamKilpatrickarguesferventlythatthe“decision-making”approachtothemoraleducationofAmericanyouth,whichreplaced“charactereducation”25yearsago,haspreventedjuvenilesfrombehavingandthinkinginaccordancewiththetraditionalmoralprinciplesthatarefundamentaltoAmericansociety.@#@AccordingtoKilpatrick,decision-makingmethodsinstillinstudentsawrongbeliefthatallnormsofmoralityaresubjectiveconstructswithonlyrelativetruthinthemandthereforecanbeinterpretedflexiblyandevenquestioned.Thisbeliefdeprivesthemofthechancetosecuresolidmoralstandardsandinducesmisconceptionsaboutwhatshouldbeclearlyrightorwrong.@#@Inparallelwiththisinadequacyofthe“decision-making”approacharetheunexpectedoutcomesofthosevalues-educationprogramsfocusingonstudents’self-esteemthatsubscribetothe“non-judgmental”mindsetdominating“decision-making”curriculums.Theirmistakenassumptionthatfeelinggoodwarrantsmoralityexcusesstudentsfromcriticizinganddiscipliningtheirownbehaviors.@#@Basinghisconclusiononhisanalysisofthefundamentalflawsofthedecision-makingapproach,Kilpatrickfinallyproposesanimmediateshiftbacktocharactereducationwhichhebelievesteachesmoralitymoreeffectivelybyemphasizingpracticeinsteadofdiscussion.@#@