GRE-Argument-常用句型Word下载.docx
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Thefactcitedbytheauthorcouldhardlyillustratetheassumptionthat...becausetheauthorprovidesonlyafewsamplesmightnotberepresentativeofthecompletelygeneralgroup.
3,Dothestatisticsmakeanydifference:
调查只调查了部分情况,忽略了一部分
Thesurveyonlystudiesthesituationof...;
however,manyothermoreessentialcasesabout…wereignoredinthesurvey.
5,Whoconductedthesurvey:
结果扭曲,调查者为了自己的利益
Thereliabilityofthesurveyisalsoopentodoubtdueto(Theorganization)whoconductedthesurvey.Itsconflictofinterestintheresultofthesurveymightdistorttheactualanswersoftherespondents.Thus,theauthorshouldciteasurveythatisconductedbyanindependentinstitution.
6,Whenwasthesurveyconducted:
时间变化
Thesurveywasconduct(duringaspecialperiod,oralongtimeago).Itistruethatthesurveymayreflecttheopinions/situationsof(respondents)atthetimewhenitwasconducted,butsituationof/people’sopinionmayhavechangedgreatlyduringthepasttime.
7,Vaguedata:
数据模糊—没有基数
Theauthoronlyinformsusthat(thepercentage/fractionofsub-groups),butwedonotknowthebaseamountof(thegeneralgroup).Ifthebaseamountwerelow,theconclusionwouldbedifferent.
8,Incompleteinformation:
数据不完整
Theauthoronlyinformsusthat...butwhatwecaremoreaboutisthat...whichisnotprovidedbytheauthor.
9,Aretherespondentsforthrightwhenansweringthequestions:
回答者不真实
Thereispossibilitythattherespondentsmaynottellthetruthabout…becauseansweringthequestionshonestlymayleadto(undesirableconsequences)forthem.Undersuchcircumstances,itisalmostimpossibleforustoexpecttherespondentstoprovideaccurateinformationabouttheiropiniontoward...
10,Aretherespondentsrepresentative:
回答者没有代表性
Weshouldalsonoticethattherespondentsstudiedinthesurveymaynotrepresentthegeneralgroupof...Weallknowthatinmanycases,peoplewhoareinterestedin...mightbemorewillingtoexpresstheirownopinionsabouttheissueof...thanotherpeopleare.
比较
11,Falseanalogy:
错误类比AB,A适合B
IntheargumenttheauthorrecommendsAtocarryoutsame(policies,actions,solutions)asB,buttheanalogybetweenthemmightbeunsubstantiated.
BeforeAdecidetodrawonB’sexperiences,weshouldtake…intoaccountandmakecarefulstudyonthecomparabilityofthetwo(cities,companies,schools,etc).
WhileitistruethatAandBsharesomecommongroundon...therearestillsomeobviousdifferencesbetweenthem.
12,Incompletecomparison/selectivecomparison/exparteinformation:
错误对比AB,A不一定比B好
TheauthorhastilyimpliesthatAissuperiortoBin...butthecomparisonbetweenAandBisincomplete.
Theauthoronlycompares...however,thereareotherfactorswouldinfluencetheresultwhileignoredbytheauthor.
13,Confusingcomparisonandvariation:
只对比了一部分的变化orviceversa.
Sameasabove
14,Unrelatedconcepts:
偷换概念
TheauthorcitesAtoproveB,however,AisnotagoodindicationofB.
15,Changingscopes:
偷换范围
Theauthorprovidesthe(evidencethat.../resultsof)mightbetrueinnationlevel,butitdoesnotmeanstheresultscansuitforsomething. Somethingmayhavetotallydifferentsituationthus(theevidence/resultsof)couldnotbeproperlyappliedtothem.
16,Inferringafutureconditionfromapastcondition:
过去不能推未来
Intheargumenttheauthorsuggeststhatwecan(solvecurrentproblemsorachievecurrentgoals)throughmethodswhichhavesuccessfullysolvedthesamekindofproblemsinthepast.Thereisahiddenassumptionassumedbytheauthorthatallconditionsandfactorsuponwhichtheeffectivenessof(themethod)dependhaveremainedunchangedduringthepast(Nyears).However,manyfactorsmighthavebeenchangedduringthepastyears.
17,Lackofcontrolledexperiment/comparison:
没考虑其他变量
Thecausalrelationshipisconvincingonlyiftheauthorcoulddemonstratethatallotherfactorsthatmightaffect...remainedconstantduringthesameperiod.
Pointingoutthatcorrespondingcontrolledexperimentisneeded.
解决办法
18,Failingtoconsiderthefeasibilityoftheconclusion:
解决办法没有可行性
Thefeasibilityofthepolicyreliesonanassumptionthat(theproposalcouldbesuccessfullycarriedout);
however,theassumptionmightbeunwarrantedduetosomecriticalobstacles.
19,Failingtoweightheadvantageanddisadvantagethoroughly:
没考虑解决方法带来的坏处
Beforedoingcomprehensiveresearch