2014年九年级英语人教版被动语态语法总结及练习.doc
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被动语态
1被动语态的构成
现在时态
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
情态动词
谓语动词构成
am
is+p.p.
are
am
is+being+p.p.
are
will+be+p.p.
am
is+goingto+be+p.p.
are
have(has)+been+p.p.
情态动词+be+p.p
过去时态
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去将来时
过去完成时
谓语动词构成
was+p.p.
were
was
+being+p.p.
were
would+be+p.p.
was
+goingto+be+p.p.
were
had+been+p.p.
(1)被动语态的用法:
①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:
Amanwaskilledintheaccident./Thiswindowwasbrokenyesterday.
②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:
Riceisalsogrowninthisplace.Arailroadwillbebuilthereinthreeyears.
③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。
如:
ItwaswrittenbyLuXun.Apetdogisneverkilledbyitsowner
注意点:
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语:
Histeachergavehimadictionary.→
Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher..→Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.
Hisfathermadehimakite.→Akitewasmadeforhimbyhisfather.
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.
Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.→Thepoormanwasmadetowork12hoursaday
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。
Thegirltakesgoodcareofherlittlebrother.→Thegirl’slittlebrotheristakengoodcareofbyher.
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。
Heispleased/worried/tired/…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
Hewashit/knockeddown/told/shot/…….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
注意:
1)感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to"。
一感(feel)
二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)例如:
Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).
Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.
2).短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
:
MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.
3).表示"据说"或"相信"的词组,基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。
Itissaidthat… 据说 Itisreportedthat…据报道 Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信
Itishopedthat… 大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知 Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为
Itissuggestedthat… 据建议 Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然
Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定 Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是
4).不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等没有无被动语态
(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.
(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.
(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.
(错)Pleaseseat. (对)Pleasebeseated.
(错)WatchingTVisenjoyedbymymother. (对)MymotherenjoyswatchingTV.
(错)Ameetingwillbehadbyus. (对)Wewillhaveameeting.
易错点
一主动结构表示被动意义
1open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。
Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.Thiskindofshirtssellwellhere.
2look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
Schooluniformslookgoodonus.Thecakesmellsdelicious.
3want/need/require+doing=want/need/repair+tobedonetobedone表示不定式的被动形式。
Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.
每五天浇花
二被动语态与系表结构的区别
Thisshopisclosedatnineo’clock.(表示动作)
Thisshopisclosedtoday.(表示状态)
Thisshopis_________(open)at8inthemorning.
小练习
一、选择题
()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build
()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened
()3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow
()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted
()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone
()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown
()10.Who_____thisbook_____?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written
()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.j