通货膨胀对会计的影响外文翻译文档格式.docx

通货膨胀对会计的影响外文翻译文档格式.docx

《通货膨胀对会计的影响外文翻译文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《通货膨胀对会计的影响外文翻译文档格式.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

INFLAŢIAÎ

NCONTABILITATE

ALŽBETASUHÁ

NYIOVÁ

*

Ingeneral,inflationrepresentsdecreaseofpurchasingpowerofmoney.Itisshownasincreaseinpricelevelinproduction,consumptionandinvestmentarea.Incertainperiods,nobodypaysattentiontoinflationproblem,butontheotherhandmatterisnotunnoticed.Wecansay,thatdiscussionaboutthismatterarecontinuous,whenpricelevelincreasesignificantly.Ianalyzedinthisarticlemethodsthatareusedinaccountingforadjustingtheeffectsofinflation.InexampleIcomparealternativeaccountingmethods.

Keywords:

Inflation,financialstatements,measurementathistoricalcosts,measurementatcurrentcost,alternativeinflationaccountingmethods.

Consideringinflation,weshouldmentionthatforeignauthorsfrequentlydiscussaboutchangesinpricelevel.Thistermincludestwocategoriesofpricechanges:

Ø

pricechangesingeneralpricelevel,

pricechangesinspecificitemsofassets.

Slovakaccountingstandardsdoesnottreatwithinflationprobleminspecificandcomplexway.Buttherearesomeexceptions.Incaseofreceivablevaluedininflationarycurrency,accountingentityreflectsthisfactbycreatingprovisionagainstreceivable.WithintheframeworkofinternationallegalregulationsInternationalFinancialReportingStandardsIAS/IFRS,instandardIAS29–FinancialReportinginHyperinflationaryEconomies,statethatfinancialstatementspreparedinhyperinflationarycurrencywithouteliminationofinflationarenotuseful.Moneylosespurchasingpoweratsucharatethatcomparisonofamountsfromtransactionsandothereventsthathaveoccurredatdifferenttimes,evenwithinthesameaccountingperiod,ismisleading.Applicationofthisstandardisamatterofjudgment.

Oneofaccountingprinciples–valuationinhistoricalcosts（historicalcost）–statesthatgoodsandservicesarevaluedattheiroriginalcostwhentransactionoccurred.Financialstatementsinhistoricalcosts,calledalsoasafinancialstatementsunderaccountingmethodHistoricalCost/NominalDollar（HC/ND）,areinfluencedduringperiodsofsignificantinflationsnegativelyduetodecreaseinpurchasepowerofmoney.Effectofinflationisthatthesameamountofmoneyinthefinancialstatementscouldhavedifferentpurchasepowerindifferentperiods.Thisisnotgoodformeasurementoffinancialresults.Ontheotherhand,reportinginhistoricalcostsismoreobjective,becauserecordedvaluesarestatedbasedontransactionsbetweenpartiestradingintheirowneconomicinterest.

Therearemoreconceptsofaccounting,whichareusingpriceindices（basedoncategoryofpricechange）forcreationofcomplexfinancialsystemstoeliminateeffectsofinflation.Mentionedaccountingsystemsrepresentalternativestotraditionalaccountingsystem–reportinginhistoricalcosts（HC/ND）withoutadjustmentsconsideringchangesinpricelevel.

Withregardtotwotypesofchangesinpricelevel,therearetwoaccountingsystemsdescribedbelow:

1、ConstantDollarAccounting–accountingofstable（constant）currency,orGeneralPrice–LevelAdjustedAccounting–accountingconsideringchangesingeneralpricelevel.

2、CurrentCostAccounting–accountingofcurrentcost,orCurrentValueAccounting–accountingofcurrentprices–measurescurrentvaluesofassets,liabilitiesandequity.Itmeasuresratherchangesinspecificpricesofparticularassetsthanchangesingeneralpricelevel.

Mentioneddistinguishingisimportantforunderstandingofalternativesoffinancialreporting.

Basedondescribedfactswecanclassifymainprinciplesoffinancialreporting,includingnormallyusedmethodHC/ND,asfollows:

Table1:

Matrixofalternativeinflationaryaccountingmethods

Valuation

Valuationathistoricalcost

Valuationatcurrentcost

Measurementat

NominalDollar

HistoricalCost/NominalDollar

（HC/ND）

CurrentCost/NominalDollar

（CC/ND）

ConstantDollar

HistoricalCost/ConstantDollar

（HC/CD）

CurrentCost/ConstantDollar

（CC/CD）

Inabovematrixaredescribedtwoaspects:

changeinunitofmeasurement（NominalorConstantDollar）andchangeinbasisofvaluation（historicalorcurrentcost）.

HISTORICALCOST/NOMINALDOLLAR

Asitwasmentionedabove,financialstatementsundermethodHC/NDarenotadjustedforinflation.Theydidnotreflectneitherchangesingeneralpricelevelorchangesinspecificpricesofparticularassetsbythetimeofselling,disposal,writeoffordonation.

HISTORICALCOST/CONSTANTDOLLAR

ItisoppositetoaccountingmethodHC/ND.FinancialstatementsundermethodHC/CDrecordinflationeffectsbyrestatingofhistoricalcostsintermsofactual（current）purchasepowerofdollar.Thismethodalsomeasuresrealgainsorlossesofpurchasepowerofnetcashitemshelddurin