考研英语基础阅读陈正康Word文件下载.doc
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OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofus,the"
cashlesssociety"
isnotonthehorizon—it'
salreadyhere.
Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.
Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.
55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto________.
[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes
[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo
[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper
[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto
56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat________.
[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards
[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatetoday
[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash
[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore
57.Thephrase"
ringupsales"
(line2,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans"
________"
.
[A]makeanorderofgoods
[B]recordbasicsalesonacashregister
[C]callthesalesmanager
[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock
58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.
[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.
[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.
[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.
1995text4
Personalityistoalargeextentinherent—A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.
OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsverynature,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe"
winatallcosts"
moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:
rememberthatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:
"
Rejoice,weconquer!
"
Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionable,butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.
Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeintoB'
s.Theworldneedstypes,andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'
spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.
Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessened,moretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues.Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessions,especiallymedicine,couldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsassensitivityandsympathy.ItissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromA-typestock.B'
sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged.
63.Accordingtothepassage,A-typeindividualsareusually________.
[A]impatient
[B]considerate
[C]aggressive
[D]