考研英语基础阅读陈正康Word文件下载.doc

考研英语基础阅读陈正康Word文件下载.doc

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OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofus,the"

cashlesssociety"

isnotonthehorizon—it'

salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto________.

　　[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

　　[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

　　[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

　　[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat________.

　　[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

　　[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatetoday

　　[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

　　[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

57.Thephrase"

ringupsales"

（line2,paragraph2）mostprobablymeans"

________"

.

　　[A]makeanorderofgoods

　　[B]recordbasicsalesonacashregister

　　[C]callthesalesmanager

　　[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

1995text4

Personalityistoalargeextentinherent—A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.

　OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsverynature,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe"

winatallcosts"

moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:

rememberthatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:

"

Rejoice,weconquer!

"

Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionable,butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.

Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeintoB'

s.Theworldneedstypes,andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'

spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.

Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessened,moretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues.Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessions,especiallymedicine,couldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsassensitivityandsympathy.ItissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromA-typestock.B'

sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged.

63.Accordingtothepassage,A-typeindividualsareusually________.

　　[A]impatient

　　[B]considerate

　　[C]aggressive

　　[D]